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Dietary patterns and the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality: a population-based cohort study of older British men

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 August 2013

J. L. Atkins ,
P. H. Whincup ,
R. W. Morris ,
L. T. Lennon ,
O. Papacosta  and
S. G. Wannamethee
J. L. Atkins
Affiliation:
Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, NW3 2PF
P. H. Whincup
Affiliation:
Population Health Research Centre, Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St George's, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
R. W. Morris
Affiliation:
Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, NW3 2PF
L. T. Lennon
Affiliation:
Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, NW3 2PF
O. Papacosta
Affiliation:
Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, NW3 2PF
S. G. Wannamethee
Affiliation:
Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, NW3 2PF
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Abstract

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Proceedings of the Nutrition Society , Volume 72 , Issue OCE4: Summer Meeting, 15–18 July 2013, Nutrition and healthy ageing , 2013 , E281
Copyright
Copyright © The Authors 2013 

Although diet quality is implicated in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, few studies have investigated the relationship between overall diet quality and the risk of CVD and mortality in older adults in Great Britain( Reference Tourlouki, Matalas and Panagiotakos 1 ). The Elderly Dietary Index (EDI) was developed to address adherence to nutritional recommendations for older adults, based on the frequency of consumption of specific foods/food groups( Reference Kourlaba, Polychronopoulos, Zampelas, Lionis and Panagiotakos 2 ). However, the EDI has not been compared to other widely used dietary indices such as the Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI), based on the World Health Organization's dietary guidelines for intake of nutrients and food components( Reference Huijbregts, Feskens, Rasanen, Fidanza, Nissinen and Menotti 3 ). The aim of this study was to prospectively examine associations between dietary patterns (HDI and EDI) and risk of CVD and all-cause mortality in older British men.

4252 older men (aged 60–79 years) from the British Regional Heart Study, were followed-up for a mean period of 11.3 years for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Baseline food frequency questionnaire data were used to generate two overall dietary scores – HDI and EDI, with higher scores indicating greater compliance with dietary recommendations. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses assessed associations between tertiles of HDI/EDI and risk of all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, CVD events and coronary heart disease (CHD) events, adjusting for age, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, social class, body mass index and energy intake.

Values are HRs (95% CIs). Model 1: Age adjusted. Model 2: Adjusted for age, smoking, alcohol, social class, physical activity, body mass index, energy intake. *P<0.05.

1384 deaths, 553 CVD deaths, 895 CVD events and 488 CHD events occurred during the follow-up period. EDI and HDI were modestly correlated (r=0.24, p<0.001). Men in the highest tertile of EDI scores had a significantly decreased risk of all-cause mortality, CVD mortality and CHD events after adjustment for confounders (all p<0.05). However, HDI was not significantly associated with any of the outcome measures.

In conclusion, EDI may be useful for assessing diet quality in older men as it appears to be a stronger predictor of CVD and all-cause mortality, compared to HDI. Efforts should be made to encourage older adults to adhere to EDI dietary recommendations.

References

1. Tourlouki, E, Matalas, AL, Panagiotakos, DB (2009) Clinical interventions in aging 4, 319–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2. Kourlaba, G, Polychronopoulos, E, Zampelas, A, Lionis, C, Panagiotakos, DB (2009) Journal of the American Dietetic Association 109(6), 1022–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3. Huijbregts, P, Feskens, E, Rasanen, L, Fidanza, F, Nissinen, A, Menotti, A et al. (1997) BMJ 315(7099), 13–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar