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Radiography is the standard observation tool for examining orthopedic injuries. Bedside Ultrasound (BUS) may be a faster, non-invasive alternative to effectively identify bone fractures in the emergency department (ED) setting. The study compares the diagnostic utilities of BUS and radiography for identifying long bone fractures.
Methods
Prospective observation study with convenience sampling was conducted in ED in patients > 5 years, with post-traumatic upper and lower limb injuries requiring standard radiological examination after informed consent. The BUS examinations were performed by a emergency physician (EP) who had a brief training session to detect fractures. For every subject, radiographs were taken and reviewed for the presence of fracture by blinded orthopedic specialist. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS.
Results
A total of 133 patients were enrolled in the study. Only 42 had fracture, out of which 36 were picked up by BUS. The overall sensitivity of the BUS in detecting fracture was 85.7% with a confidence interval (CI) of 0.70–0.94 and specificity of 100% with a CI = 0.95–1.00. The positive predictive value (PPV) of USG was 100% with a CI = 0.86–1.00 and negative predictive value (NPV) of 93.8% with a CI = 0.86–0.97. There were six additional fractures which were recognized on x-ray and were not picked up by ultrasound.
Conclusions
BUS can be utilized by EP after brief training to accurately identify long-bone fractures. It may gain a more prominent role in pregnant and pediatric population as well as in mass-casualty scenarios.
The objective of this survey was to investigate the incidence of respiratory symptoms reported by emergency department patients during the Christmas 2001–2002 Sydney bushfire disaster. Two hundred and thirty patients attending two Sydney emergency departments for any reason completed questionnaires regarding respiratory symptoms. The symptoms investigated were cough, shortness of breath, chest tightness and wheeze. The same questionnaire was subsequently administered to a similar control group who were not exposed to bushfire smoke. 51% of those surveyed during the bushfires reported one or more of the respiratory symptoms investigated compared to 31% of the control group. This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01). A significantly higher proportion of respiratory patients in the study group reported an exacerbation of their condition and increased medication use during the bushfires (p < 0.01). The results are consistent with other research on the subject and suggest that exposure to bushfire smoke causes an increased incidence of respiratory pathology.
Training special medical teams to be prepared for delivering emergency relief to the injured requires a special psychological conformity of individuals and mutual inter-understanding based on professional qualifications. The psycho-physiological approach comprises a set of methods of computerized tools for medical staff education, training, and preparedness, keeping in mind the aim of the necessity of mutual activities in triage process, medical care, and decision-making for evacuating injured victims from the emergency site. The goal of this presentation is to expose the battery of new original methods and technologies of staff preparedness in order to realize the maximum conformity of personal composed together in one unique mobile team sent into the situations of emergency accompanied by psychological tension, insufficient volume of info sharing, field conditions, etc. Methods are based on the measurements of the functional asymmetry of brain hemispheres tested by computer-loaded, original software. Several levels of evaluation of functional asymmetry status have been proposed for discussion and for choosing of criteria for the conformity matrix study. These include: (1) a primary table of digital variables characterizing the first level of comparison of psycho-physiological individual regulation obtained for everyone of the emergency medical team permitting to propose the primary team composition; (2) co-efficients of psycho-physiological regulation for the determination of conformity between the individualities of medical staff team and the dynamics of psychological resistance in emergency environment; and (3) integrative profiles of functional asymmetry, giving the objective fundamentals for team composition and its training, to the ideal sophisticated model of psycho-physiological conformity. Quantitative, objective data give the arguments to prepare the criteria for the composition of field medical team. The individual programs issued from examination are proposed for the improvement of permanent psycho physiological staff conformity.
Most emergency medical response systems rely on paper triage tags and clipboards to share information during mass-causality incidents (MCIs). However, this procedure has proven labor-intensive, time-consuming, and susceptible to human error. Previous research about electronic triage depend on a small movable device, which can be costly. Therefore, an electronic triage system was developed to facilitate effective patient care during an emergency. In this paper, the design, development, and deployment of an electronic triage system for use by rescuers responding to MCIs and disasters will be discussed. The electronic triage software runs on a small, embedded system with limited memory and computational power that efficiently saves patient records. The software system is easy, user-friendly, can be used with any computer, laptop, or iPhone, and it is applicable in all hospitals. This system includes three interfaces: (1) electronic triage tags depending on the Simple Triage And Rapid Treatment (START) triage protocol; (2) the Sort Triage interface; and (3) the Evacuation interface, which includes hospital information such as the Hospital Treatment Capacity (HTC) and the Hospital Surgical Capacity (HSC). It also includes doctors information and hospitals and doctors can be alerted via e-mail. The system also has a database records file for patients that can be saved then immediately sent to hospitals and rescue centers. The electronic triage system will lay the foundation for reliable and continuously updated network coverage during a MCI. It also will help technologists develop future emergency response systems.
Sternoclavicular dislocation usually requires a Computed Tomography (CT) scan and surgery. This injury is rare because costoclavicular ligaments are strong. They appear in motorcycle accidents and sports collisions. Compression of the neurovascular structures or trachea involving the vital prognosis is not rare. Practitioners must be aware of symptoms such as dysphagia, dyspnea, hoarseness, or neurologic disorders. On the printing of thoracic standards, the medial clavicle appears misplaced superiorly in previous dislocations and posterior inferior dislocations. Fracture of the scapula (less than 1% of all fractures) rarely requires surgery, but should not be ignored because they signal a very high-energy trauma. The posterior shoulder dislocation is 2–4% of all delayed dislocations. Diagnosis is most often attributed to inadequate x-ray photographs. The main causes of this dislocation are epilepsy and electrocution. Radiography in front and profile observed a duplication of the humeral head. Joint space is not completely in view, and the CT scan can confirm the diagnostic if there is any doubt. Fracture of the clavicle is common in young patients. Fractures with lesions of the clavicular vessels and nerves are common. Practitioners also must be wary of intermediate fragments, which can puncture skin. Pneumothorax should always be excluded by a complete chest auscultation. The stump of the shoulder must be minimized in young patients, or an active patient operative indication can have negative functional and aesthetic consequences. Neurovascular examination must be complete, and circonflex nerve damage should not be confused with injury of the rotator cuff. These two injuries reduce abduction. The elbow is complex and a number of lesions could be missed, including: (1) the tip of the coronoid process; (2) epitrochlea and epicondyle; (3) radial head fractures; or (4) pullout capitelum.
Emergency situations such as biological or chemical incidents require prompt decision making. The problem is that the authorized personnel responsible for conduction the response operations might lack the knowledge about the agent's biological, chemical and epidemiological characteristics that would influence the impact of the incident. Thus the effect of response operations on lives and assets could hardly be anticipated. The paper suggests simulation based approach to provide appropriate decision making support in such situations. The simulation would imitate the development of an emergency situation under various scenarios and help to determine the proper response operations by which the casualties and loss of assets would be minimized. The aim of the paper is to present the simulation of a spread of an agent in an environment and the corresponding impact on population. The simulation is based on a model with incorporated knowledge about environmental and agent characteristics such as weather conditions, transmission, fatality, incubation period combined also with demographic information. The provided simulation forms a part of the proposed non-military decision support framework for emergency response operations during biochemical incidents.
In emergency preparedness there is the need to prospectively develop an approach to which interventions can be provided with available resources and the maximal amount of clinical effectiveness which can be attained by staff.
Methods
A panel of pediatric emergency preparedness experts employed our previously validated evidence based consensus process with a modified Delphi process for topic selection and approval. Interventions were chosen such that resources and staff efficiency would not exceed previously published data for non-disaster emergency care but allowing for standard emergency preparedness planning alterations in standards of care such as the assumption that usual numbers of staff would care for a disaster surge of four times the usual number of patients.
Results
Using standard emergency preparedness assumptions of limited resources and staff efficiency, the panel agreed upon both methodologies for resource allocation and feasible interventions. A number of standard interventions would not be feasible and included detailed recording of vital signs, administration of vasoactive agents, prolonged resuscitation and central venous access.
Conclusion
By employing this approach to resource utilization described combined with the unique aspects of pediatric care, we can improve our planning and responses. This can be accomplished by understanding the needs of the population being served, learning how to focus on both pediatric needs and the expectations of the community with regard to care of children, adopting what has been learned in prior events in the United States and abroad, and developing prospective recommendations regarding essential interventions which can be performed in a disaster.
Natural disaster like cyclone, tidal bore, flood, tornado etc. is a common phenomenon in Bangladesh. Tropical cyclones associated with tidal surges occur at the rate of 1.3 a year in the coastal districts, cyclone in 1970 and 1991 claimed over 500,000 and 138,000 lives respectively in the coastal districts and offshore islands. The vulnerability is so miserable that they have to go and settle in the newly accreted land in Bay of Bengal and its surrounding areas which is occasionally hit by tidal bore or devastating cyclone. The main susceptibility comes from weak social and economic structures of the country. Housing quality, preexisting poor health and nutritional status, social welfare infrastructure, and economic resilience determine the magnitude of a disaster's effect and its long term consequences. In recent years, improved early warning systems and preparedness measures have helped reduce mortality, but no significant change in morbidity. However the effective disaster preparedness systems and capabilities for post-disaster emergency phase usually provides through volunteer contributions and local authority at the neighborhood level. The government's relief team, NGOs and foreign teams took couple of days to few weeks to start operation properly after devastating disasters like Sidr in 2007. However the basic survival and emergency assistance like clothes, shelter, food and medicine which saved thousand of lives were managed by community people themselves. Active participation of local communities, those have rich experience of coping with natural disaster both in preparedness and emergencies are essential for successful disaster reduction policy and practice, also putting value on our traditional social and cultural bondage. So strategies for disaster preparedness should be focused at family and community levels, support to community-based low-cost technology, promotion and development of human resources and integration disaster management components into development policies and empower the people to face the challenges of disasters.
Stress is a major health risk factor. The origin of the stress or stressful situations might come from internal and/or external causes. In this presentation, two groups of Israeli children who are living under stressful conditions that are affecting their health, their daily functioning, and their learning abilities will be presented. The first group is a group of children living in a town that has experienced terrorist activities for many years. The other group is children from families that have to leave their permanent home due to the Israeli Parliamentary and governmental decision to withdraw from the Gaza Strip. This plan included forced relocation of approximately 8,000 civilians from their communities to temporary sites elsewhere in Israel, and the dismantling of their homes. Using the classical epidemiological triad model of host-agent-environment, the hazard dynamic and its outcomes will be presented. Activities to help the children cope with the stressful situations also will be presented. The objective of this presentation is to describe exposure to risk factors and responses from public health nurses that are aimed at ameliorating the associated negative heath effects.
Terror struck Pune on 13 Feb. 2010 as a powerful bomb ripped apart a popular restaurant, killing nine people and injuring more than 45. A retrospective analysis of the injury patterns was done.
Materials and Methods
The CDC template, viz. “Bomb Surveillance Form” was used for the data collection, that was analyzed by SPSS version 15 software.
Results
Of the 50 survivors transferred to the four nearby hospitals, 11 (22%) of them had severe life threatening injuries, with 19 patients (38%) having primary blast injuries, Secondary type of injury was seen in, and 22% had tertiary injuries. Orthopedic (24%) and burn injuries (36%) were prominent. The mortality rate was 16%.
Discussion
The occurrence of MCI in an unexpected scenario overwhelms the medical resources and challenges the emergency medical facilities. Analysis of the injuries revealed that fatal outcome was related to presence of shock, severe lung, bowel injury, presence of more than four types of injury and greater than 50% burns.
Strengths
Highlights the importance of being able to recognize the blast injury patterns and their management.
Limitations
Inability to compare with other blast injuries due to several missing data.
Conclusion
Blast injury sustained in a small, enclosed space is one of the most serious and complicated forms of multiple trauma. Hospitals and civic authorities must be prepared to counter this menace of modem times. Not everything that is faced can be changed, but nothing can be changed until it is faced.
During wildfires, many are evacuated with little time to collect personal items. Evacuees who depend on daily medication for ongoing medical conditions often arrive to evacuation shelters without medication and with little knowledge of what they require. This problem is reported for evacuees in the 2008 Orange County California (USA) Freeway Triangle Wildfires.
Methods
Data was obtained retrospectively from Orange County Health Care Agency records regarding people who required medication while housed in evacuation shelters. Descriptive data was analysed using SPSS 17 and STATA 11.01.
Results
40,000 persons were evacuated during the wildfires. Sixty of the evacuees aged from 6 to 82 years were without necessary medications. Of the sixty, there were 26 females and 34 males. People requiring medication would present to a public health nurse in the shelter whom would contact the Disaster Health Officer to arrange scripts for medication. Of the 60 people, 67% were unable to contact a primary physician and 75% were able to be issued a script for needed medication. The most common prescribed medication was albuterol for asthma and lung disease, then narcotic pain relief medication and next medication for cardiovascular / hypertension conditions.
Conclusions
Results show that life sustaining medication was required by people housed in an evacuation shelter. These people may not have had time to retrieve necessary medication if they had to evacuate quickly or may not have had an adequate supply of medication at the time of evacuation. Thus far there has been very little published on this issue however, our results show there is a need for pre-planning on behalf of people living in wildfire prone areas who require daily medication and are at risk for sudden evacuation. Our findings also highlight the important role provided by health workers in evacuation shelters in providing assistance for medication purposes.
Today there is adequate research evidence at national and international level regarding the health and mental health consequences of disasters. The realization of the larger impact of mental health on the recovery process has been instrumental in prioritizing mental health and psychosocial well-being of affected populations in recent years. Traditionally the bio medical models were used to understand the disaster mental health outcomes, however over the last two decade a gradual change is visible in the understanding of the mental health and psychosocial consequences of disasters. It is more inclusive of varied expressions of distress and the services to address the same. A review of various disaster mental health research and interventions documented since 2001 reveals that most studies/interventions attempt to list the various mental health problems and psychosocial consequences. There are very few studies which go beyond listing of consequences, to focus on implications of disaster mental health for long term disaster recovery. There is dearth of research based literature on the concept of community trauma, factors contributing to negative emotions and emotional distress/ problems, community response (social and cultural) to disaster mental health issues, long term emotional implications of psychosocial consequences of disasters and the life course of individuals with mental health issues in the long run following disasters. The paper attempts to address the above mentioned issues in the context of 2004 tsunami. The paper is based on a study carried out in India two years after the disaster. A Case study approach was used and 177 case studies were collected from 104 villages in 14 affected districts of three states in India. The paper contributes to understanding the long term implications of disaster mental health for disaster recovery and reiterates the significance of integrating disaster mental health services within humanitarian services.
Western Australia (WA) was one of the first states in Australia to deploy medical team members to the tsunami-stricken regions of the Maldives and Banda Aceh in 2004. This early experience led the WA Department of Health to develop and pilot these teams locally and to progress a national model for their future development, which could be implemented further by other Australian jurisdictions. Further experience with these teams in Yogyakarta after the 2006 Java earthquake, Karratha after Tropical Cyclone George in 2007, Ashmore Reef after the 2009 boat explosion, Samoa after the 2009 tsunami, and during the Pakistan floods in 2010 have signaled both the utility of the Australian Medical Assistance Teams (AUSMATs) and the commitment by the Australian Commonwealth and State Governments to utilize these teams in both domestic and international settings. This presentation will examine the implementation of the AUSMAT model in Australia over the last five years, the modifications to the original model to suit the unique geographical and resource challenges faced by Australian teams, both within and outside Australia, and the lessons learned from recent team deployments. The challenges of delivering health care over vast, sparsely populated distances, and the inherent and increasing natural and industrial disaster threats in the Asia-Pacific region, have contributed to the modification of the model to ensure that the AUSMATs are flexible, modular, and capable of responding to a variety of major incidents. The national model continues to evolve to ensure that well prepared, equipped and trained civilian AUSMATS remain able to effectively deploy to a mass casualty situation in Australia's area of interest.
This presentation summarizes our ongoing hybrid sociological-geological field research into the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. In this extreme geo-disaster, mortality was 69,226, with 274,643 injuries, and 17,923 missing. The human toll was accompanied by significant destruction of the natural environment and the economy, estimated at US$ 176 billion. A 300 km long surface rupture occurred in the Longmen Mountains along its margin with the Sichuan Basin.
Discussion
This disaster was caused by the relationships among (1) towns built in on or in proximity to fault lines, (2) the low earthquake-resistance of residences, schools and hospitals, and other buildings, and (3) the concentration of population distributed along rivers lying below steep-sloped mountains. Mortality and devastation were compounded by post-earthquake landslides. The Chinese central government started a national-level response within 2 hours, upgrading it to the highest national emergency level within 10 hours. Most lives were saved by local people. Military rescue units were activated within minutes of the earthquake, and regional militia, local and provincial units such as the Sichuan Seismological Bureau self-activated immediately. By day-two, 20,000 rescue and engineering soldiers had been deployed. Over 15 large medical treatment, epidemic prevention, and psychological intervention teams responded and more than 10 million volunteers took part in relief activities. In spite of mobilization of the nation's resources, emergency relief was frustrated by formidable obstacles such as cloud cover, a destroyed ground transportation network, loss of communication, and continued geo-hazards in the form of landslide-dammed rivers which threatened large downstream urban centers. Expert national planning for recovery began five days post-earthquake; the plan was promulgated by national law in September, 2008. By the second anniversary of the Wenchuan earthquake, most school and residential construction was completed in earthquake-resistant areas.
Trauma during pregnancy poses a challenge in assessment and management due to its unique anatomical and physiological changes. Trauma is the leading non-obstetrical cause of death. There is paucity of epidemiological data in this subgroup in India. An emergency department (ED)-based epidemiological study was conducted.
Methods
Female trauma victims of reproductive age with both positive and negative urinary pregnancy tests (UPTs) were selected retrospectively. Documentation was done by the nursing staff from the ED case records. Mode, mechanism, severity, site of injury, and ED disposal time were noted, compiled, and analyzed.
Results
Of 64 patients, 32 patients were UPT-positive and 32 were UPT-negative. The mean age was 26 (range 18–36) years. A total of 75% of UPT-positive and 59.3% of UPT-negative cases had assault due to domestic violence. As per START triage protocol, 84.3% of UPT-positive and 59.3% patients in UPT negative were triaged as yellow. Blunt trauma to the abdomen was the most common mechanism and site of injury in all patients. FAST and ultrasonic evaluation of the fetus was performed for all UPT-positive patients. The average ED disposal time was 2 hours 62 minutes in UPT-positive and 1.9 hours in UPT-negative.
Conclusions
Limited data suggest domestic violence as leading cause of trauma in pregnancy. A large, epidemiological study is required to validate this.
The Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital (CHBH) in South Africa is the largest in the world, with 2,900 beds. Its trauma unit boasts 15 resuscitation bays, while the triage area has space for 40 stretchers. There are 5,000 trauma resuscitations performed yearly, out of 50,000 patients seen in the Trauma Emergency Department. There is an eight-bed Trauma Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and a 56-bed Trauma Ward. There also are 25 stepdown beds, 70 outlying beds, a six-bed Burn ICU, 20-bed ward, and a 24-bed shortstay ward. There are about 80 resuscitations and 70 trauma emergency operations weekly. However, the hospital is severely limited in financial and human resources, with only 2–3 interns, two registrars, and one trauma consultant on-call. The hospital is at > 130% bed occupancy. The CHBH was designated as the main disaster hospital for the 2010 FIFA World Cup, due to its proximity to the 96,000-seat Soccer City. Nominal disaster plans existed, but there were no resources, preparations, or knowledge, as was the case with most other government hospitals. The Trauma Directorate developed a new plan for the World Cup, future mass-casualty incidents at CHBH, and for other resource limited hospitals. The plans are centered on four critical issues: (1) preparedness of hospital structure and staff; (2) dissemination of the plan; (3) disaster training; and (4) the development of “Disaster Bags” for 350 casualties A free disaster course trained > 400 staff members on in-hospital triage and trauma management. All hospital staff were allocated specific functions in case of disasters. This is the first time the CHBH has had an integrated disaster plan, with separate equipment allocation, through private funding, and involving all disciplines.
Tactical Emergency Medical Services (TEMS), is a relatively new area of pre-hospital care. It requires specific attention to planning, including selection, training, equipment, procedures and continuing professional development, CPD to maintain competence. This session will describe the development of a small team of Critical Care Paramedics, who undertake a short, but intense programme, based at the Metropolitan Police Specialist Training Centre, MPSTC in England. CCPs are trained to work alongside firearms teams, who respond to criminal and terrorist incidents involving the use of firearms. The task of CCP's is to reduce the time between wounding and advanced resuscitative care, ensuring that Police Officers, members of the public and others receive a high standard of care without incurring unnecessary delays. They work outside the “hot zone”, but further forward than traditional ambulance operations. When these capabilities are available within the Emergency Ambulance Service, they are likely to improve patient care and firearms teams mission success. Delegates will be able to: (1) Identify the rationale, threat, risk and policy considerations driving the development of specially trained Paramedics working in a Police Firearms support role; (2) Describe the anticipated spectrum of incident types that might be encountered by CCPs in respect of tactical support; (3) Consider the range of triage, treatment and other capabilities, that can be provided in the field, including a review of associated education and training models; (4) Review the specialist personal protective and response equipment that is required to carry out this role; and (5) Reflect upon the viability of such capabilities within their own EMS environments.
In this article, we aimed to share “the prehospital mass casualty exercise and trauma management course” which is performed at the 10th European Congress of Trauma & Emergency Surgery as a model.
Methods and Materials
The preparation, format, participant properties and the discussion of the course were evaluated.
Results
The course performed in 4 parts. On the first part, a panel discussion including opening, targets of course and a conference was performed. On the second part, the prehospital mass casualty exercise was performed. On the third part, the participants discussed in different 4 workshops. On the last part, basic discussion results were declared. At the mass casualty exercise, the scenario was adapted from bus bombing which was in Diyarbakir on 03.01.2010, 6 deaths, 96 wounded. Field and injury simulations were performed. We trained 15 paramedic volunteers to act as wounded patients. Moulage and make-ups were made due to previously defined injuries as in Diyarbakir. The victims were placed in simulated maneuvers field. Participants were accepted in five each groups to the maneuvers field and they were requested to manage the scene, triage, first aid. After the exercise, 4 workshops themed as Scene Medical Management, Ground and Air Evacuations, Preparedness of the E D's and Preparedness of the OR's, and ICU's were performed. The results of the workshops were presented at the last part.
Discussion and Conclusion
The participants expressed that observing and experiencing the chaos circumstances during the maneuvers are the most important things in scene management and these must be considered in preparedness and planning phases.
In the Indonesian earthquake a total 21 USAR teams comprising upward of 688 rescue personnel and 67 dogs. The cost of which was estimated at tens of millions of dollars did not succeed in extricating any trappers. In Haiti, there were around 350000 casualties and 250000 dead. In this disaster 43 international USAR missions comprising over 1700 rescuers were deployed. These teams succeeded in rescuing approximately 134 trapped people, an average of about 3 trapped people per mission. During this period one field hospital treated a total of 1,111 people, 737 of these patients were hospitalized, 243 surgical procedures were carried out, of which at least 200 were life-saving procedures. In addition many other life-saving procedures that were not directly related to the injuries inflicted as a result of the earthquake were also carried out. Without the resources of the field hospital it is very possible that most of the trappers would not have survived. It mean; One field hospital (personal: 120 people) was able to save more people than 43 USAR teams, all of the highly dedicated and professional, who worked day and night to extricate people trapped.ngs. It seems that there is no need to carry out a complex economic analysis in order to determine the cost benefits and understand the significance of providing field hospitals and clinics as soon as possible after the occurrence of a disaster stemming from an earthquake. A consensus/brainstorming conference is needed.
The aim
To formulate a logical and balanced approach to configuring and dispatching rescue and medical missions. The major goal of the conference would be to establish the guidelines for rescue missions that will result in the rescue of the maximum number of people, and to provide guidelines for the provision humanitarian aid in parallel to the rescue missions.
Hydrazine, a highly toxic agent is mainly used as a high-energy rocket propellant or reactant in military fuel cells, in nickel plating, in the polymerization of urethane, for removal of halogens from wastewater, as an oxygen scavenger in boiler feedwater to inhibit corrosion, and in photographic development. Short-term exposure to high levels of Hydrazine may cause irritation of eyes, nose, and throat, headache, nausea, dizziness, pulmonary edema, seizures, and coma. Acute exposure can also damage liver, kidneys, and central nervous system. Dermatitis may develop by skin contact. In this article we aimed to present our experience belongs to 14 cases exposed to Hydrazine. Cases were evaluated retrospectively based on demographic data, exposure type, approximate exposure time, clinical features, lab analyzes and results of follow-up. Cases were all male personnel. Mean age and standard deviation were 30,28 and 6,73 respectively. All cases were exposed to Hydrazine in an open place during the monitorization of aircraft for a couple of seconds. Personnel were presented to feel an odor similar to garlic in their nasopharynx. Retrosternal burning was the preponderant symptom in 6 of the cases. The vital signs and physical examination provided no valuable data. Evaluation of Whole Blood Count, Arterial Blood Gas, Biochemical Parameters, Urine Tests, ECG and Chest Radiograph took place in diagnosis period. Respiration function tests were performed on the 6 of the cases who had respiratory complaints. All tests revealed unremarkable data. All cases were subjected to reevaluation in the end of next 48 hours. No complications were encountered on the next examination. Our cases presented no mortality and complication due to having information about Hydrazine and short-term exposure and exposure in open place. Of personnel working in such places including Hydrazine, having information about Hydrazine, is the leading factor in preventing mortality and complications of Hydrazine.