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Frisian Place-Names in England

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2020

Jessie M. Lyons
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Extract

Mr. H. M. Chadwick departs from current views about the early settlers of Great Britain and challenges Bede's long-accepted classification of them as Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. He believes them to have been a homogeneous people, their dialectic differences having come about after the immigration and through political and geographical influences. He opposes the prevailing notion that the Anglo-Saxon organization at the time of the migration was “tribal,” and thinks that the invasion was accomplished by large organized bands, not by small groups of adventurers acting independently. The migration of the Angli Mr. Chadwick regards as exceptional. Although there was no external pressure, it was on a large scale and extended over a considerable space of time. And, he says, according to the constitution of military forces of the time, the warriors required to make up the forces of invasion were not all drawn from within the territories of the Angli, but came, many of them, from the surrounding regions.

Type
Research Article
Information
PMLA , Volume 33 , Issue 4 , 1918 , pp. 644 - 655
Copyright
Copyright © Modern Language Association of America, 1918

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References

1 Origin of the English Nation, 1907, ch. 4, p. 12.

2 Ibid., p. 154; pp. 180–181.

3 Procopius, Gothic War, iv, 20. Translated by Chadwick in Origin of the English Nation, p. 55; also quoted by Theodor Siebs, Zur Geschichte der englisch-friesischen Sprache, i, 1889.

4 A. Goodhall, Place Names of South West Yorkshire.

5 A. Goodhall, Place Names of South West Yorkshire; F. W. Moorman, Place Names of the West Riding of Yorkshire (1910); Lewis's Topographical Dictionary; Philips's Atlas; Index to the Parishes, Townships, Hamlets, Etc., of England and Wales, 1907.

6 Harald Lindkvist, Middle English Place-Names of Scandinavian Origin, Part i, Uppsala, 1911.

7 W. Crecelius, Collectae ad Augendam Nominum Propriorum Saxonicorum et Frisiorum Scientiam Spectantes, 1869; Theodor Siebs, Zur Geschichte der englisch-friesischen Sprache, pp. 104, 257; W. W. Skeat, Place Names of Suffolk, 1913, p. 126.

8 W. W. Skeat, Place Names of Suffolk; Lewis's Top. Dict.; Index to Parishes, etc.; Philips's Atlas of the Counties of England; H. Barber, British Family Names, 1903 (2d ed.).

9 Philips's Atlas of the Counties of England.

10 Index to Parishes, etc.; Lewis's Top. Dict.; Philips's Atlas.

11 Index to Parishes, etc.; Lewis's Top. Dict.

12 Harald Lindkvist, Middle English Place-Names of Scandinavian Origin, Part i, Uppsala, 1911.

13 E. B. Bjärkman, Zur englischen Namen-Kunde, p. 34.

14 Crecelius, above mentioned work; W. W. Skeat, Place Names of Suffolk, p. 91.

15 Lewis's Top. Dict.; Index to Parishes, etc.; Philips's Atlas.

16 Philips's Atlas.

17 Index to Parishes, etc.

18 W. J. Sedgefield, Place Names of Cumberland and Westmoreland; Index; Philips's Atlas.

19 R. G. Roberts, Place Names of Sussex; Index to Parishes, etc.; Lewis's Top. Dict.

20 W. H. Duignan, Place Names of Warwickshire, 1912.

21 Philips's Atlas.

22 W. H. Duignan, Place Names of Staffordshire, 1902.

23 W. St. Clair Baddeley, Place Names of Gloucester, 1913.

24 Lewis's Top. Dict.

25 Philips's Atlas.

26 Index to Parishes, etc.; Philips's Atlas.

27 Mentioned by Goodhall as an example of Frisian remains in Devon, but not in the Atlases and Dictionaries.

28 H. Barber, British Family Names. Digstra, Friesch Woordenboek, vol. iv, also mentions many of these names and others, with place-names in England, to illustrate some form of the individual or family name.

29 H. Barter, British Family Names.

30 J. B. Johnson, Place Names of England and Wales.

31 W. F. Skene, A History of Ancient Alban, vol. i, chap. 4, Etymology of Britain, pp. 191–192.

32 Ibid., pp. 191–193.