Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-m42fx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-18T21:59:44.997Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A study of resistance to cycloguanil in Plasmodium gallinaceum in chicks

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

Ann Bishop
Ann Bishop*
Affiliation:
The Molteno Institute, University of Cambridge
*
* This work was financed by the Medical Research Council.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

A cycloguanil-resistant strain of Plasmodium gallinaceum was produced relatively rapidly by passage through chicks treated with low but effective doses of the drug, the dose being increased as resistance developed.

The strain was cross-resistant to proguanil but not to pyrimethamine or chloroquine.

A strain highly resistant to proguanil was resistant to cycloguanil but only slightly resistant to pyrimethamine.

A strain highly resistant to pyrimethamine was resistant to proguanil and cycloguanil.

Passage for 20 months through birds treated with doses of cycloguanil which suppressed infection for relatively long periods failed to change the sensitivity of the strain to this drug or to proguanil. Although the relatively large dose did not eradicate the infection in any of the birds, subinoculations demonstrated that parasites were absent from the blood for a period in some of the birds, though infections finally developed.

I am indebted to Parke Davis and Company for the supply of cycloguanil, to Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. for the proguanil hydrochloride and chloroquine phosphate and to Burroughs Wellcome and Company for the pyrimethamine base.

Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 56 , Issue 2 , May 1966 , pp. 335 - 345
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1966

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

adler, S. & Tchernomoretz, I. (1941). Continued passage of extra-erythrocytic forms of Plasmodium gallinaceum in the absence of erythrocytic schizogony. Ann. trop. Med. Parasit. 35, 241–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benazet, F. (1964). Résistance croisée de P. gallinaceum vis-à-vis du proguanil et son métabolite triazinique actif. Bull. Soc. Path. exot. 57, 371–5.Google Scholar
Bishor, A. (1958). An analysis of the development of resistance to metachloridine in clones of Plasmodium gallinaceum. Parasitology, 48, 210–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bishor, A. (1959). Drug resistance in protozoa. Biol. Rev. 34, 445–500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bishop, A. (1962). An analysis of the development of resistance to proguanil and pyrimethamine in Plasmodium gallinaceum. Parasitology, 52, 495–518.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bishop, A. (1965). Resistance to diamino-diphenylsulphone in Plasmodium gallinaceum. Parasitology, 55, 407–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bishop, A. & Birkett, B. (1950). Some observations upon prolonged treatment of Plasmodium gallinaceum infection in chicks with antimalarial drugs. Parasitology, 40, 149–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carrington, H. C., Crowther, A. F., Davey, D. G., Levi, A. A. & Rose, F. L. (1951). A metabolite of ‘paludrine’ with high antimalarial activity. Nature, Lond., 168, 1080.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coatney, G. R., Contacos, P. G., Lunn, J. S., Kilpatrick, J. W. & Elder, H. A. (1963). The effect of a repository preparation of the dihydrotriazine metabolite of chlorguanide, CI.501, against the Chesson strain of Plasmodium vivax in man. Am. J. trop. Med. 12, 504–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Contacos, P. G., Coatney, G. R., Lunn, J. S. & Kilpatrick, J. W. (1964). The antimalarial activity of CI. 501 (Camolar) against falciparum malaria. Am. J. trop. Med. 13, 386–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crowther, A. F. & Levi, A. A. (1953). Proguanil—the isolation of a metabolite with high antimalarial activity. Br. J. Pharmac. Chemother. 8, 93–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davey, D. G. (1950). Experiments with ‘antrycide’ in the Sudan and East Africa. Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 43, 583–616.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hernandez, T., Myatt, A. V., Coatney, G. R. & Jeffery, G. M. (1953). Studies in human malaria. xxxiv. Acquired resistance to pyrimethamine (daraprim) by the Chesson strain of Plasmodium vivax. Am. J. trop. Med. 2, 797–804.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Singh, Jaswant, Ray, A. P., Basu, P. C. & Nair, C. P. (1952). Acquired resistance to proguanil in Plasmodium knowlesi. Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 46, 639–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, S. A. (1954). Resistance of P. falciparum and P. malariae to pyrimethamine (daraprim) following mass treatment with this drug. A preliminary note. E. Afr. med. J. 31, 47–9.Google ScholarPubMed
Peters, W. (1965). Drug resistance in Plasmodium berghei Vincke and Lips, 1948. III. Triazine resistance. Expl Parasit. 17, 90–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robertson, G. I., Davey, D. G. & Fairley, N. H. (1952). Cross-resistance between ‘daraprim’ and proguanil. Br. med. J. 2, 1255–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rollo, I. M. (1951). A 2:4-diamino pyrimidine in the treatment of proguanil-resistant laboratory malarial strains. Nature, Lond., 168, 332.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rollo, I. M. (1955). The mode of action of sulphonamides, proguanil and pyrimethamine on Plasmodium gallinaceum. Br. J. Pharmac. Chemother. 10, 208–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ryley, J. F. (1953). The mode of action of proguanil and related antimalarial drugs. Br. J. Pharmac. Chemother. 8, 424–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schmidt, L. H. & Genther, C. S. (1953). The antimalarial properties of 2,4-diamino-5–p–chlorophenyl-6-ethylpyrimidine (daraprim). J. Pharmac. exp. Ther. 107, 61–91.Google ScholarPubMed
Schmidt, L. H., Rossan, R. N. & Fisher, K. F. (1963). The activity of a repository form of 4,6-diamino-1–(p–chlorophenyl)–1,2-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-s–triazine against infections with Plasmodium cynomolgi. Am. J. trop. Med. 12, 494–503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, P. E., Bayles, A., Olszewski, B. & Waitz, J. A. (1965). Studies on a dihydrotriazine and a sulfone, alone and in combination, against Plasmodium berghei in mice. Am. J. trop. Med. 14, 198–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, P. E., Olszewski, B. J., Elslager, E. F. & Worth, D. F. (1963). Laboratory studies on 4,6-diamino-1–(p–chlorophenyl)–1,2-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl–s–triazine pamoate (CI. 501) as a repository antimalarial drug. Am. J. trop. Med. 12, 481–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thurston, J. P. (1953). The chemotherapy of Plasmodium berghei. 1. Resistance to drugs. Parasitology, 43, 246–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, P. J. & Woods, D. D. (1965). The synthesis of p–aminobenzoie acid and folic acid by staphylococci sensitive and resistant to sulphonamides. J. gen. Microbiol. 40, 243–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williamson, J. (1962). Chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis of African trypanosomiasis. Expl Parasit. 12, 274–322.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed