Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-qxdb6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T12:07:45.172Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A review of parasite studies of commercially important marine fishes in sub-Saharan Africa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2014

CECILE C. REED
CECILE C. REED*
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Private Bag X3, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
*
*Corresponding author: Department of Biological Sciences, Private Bag X3, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa. E-mail: Cecile.Reed@uct.ac.za
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Scattered records of parasitic species infecting commercially important marine fishes in sub-Saharan Africa are known from just a few countries where concerted efforts have been made by local parasitologists (e.g. Senegal, Nigeria, South Africa). Most of these consist of taxonomic records or general surveys of parasite faunas associated with marine hosts, which may or may not have been of commercial value. Little to no multi-disciplinary research is conducted in most parts of sub-Saharan Africa and hence parasitological data are not commonly used to advise fisheries management procedures. This review summarizes current knowledge on all parasitological research associated with commercially important marine fish species in sub-Saharan Africa.

Keywords

Africamarineparasitesfisheriesaquaculture
Type
Fisheries
Information
Parasitology , Volume 142 , Special Issue 1: Parasites in fisheries and mariculture , January 2015 , pp. 109 - 124
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abowei, J. F. N. and Ezekiel, E. N. (2011). A review of acanthocephala, leeches, parasitic crustaceans and some other parasites of miscellaneous taxa infections in African Fish. International Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 3, 337–351.Google Scholar
Aladetohun, N. F., Sakiti, N. G. and Babatunde, E. E. (2013). Copepoda parasites in economically important fish, Mugilidae (Mugil cephalus and Liza falcipinnis) from Lac Nokoue Lagoon in Republic of Benin, West Africa. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 7, 799–807.Google Scholar
Aleshkina, L. D. (1982). Parasite fauna of Cape hake and dependence of its species composition on age of host. Hydrobiological Journal 18, 56–58.Google Scholar
Aleshkina, L. D. and Gaevskaya, A. V. (1985). [Trematodes of fish from the Atlantic coast of Africa.] Nauchnye Doklady Vysshei Shkoly. Biologicheskie Nauki 3, 35–40. [In Russian]Google Scholar
Ali, M. A. (2000). Ortholinea basma n. sp. (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) from the Agile Klipfish Clinus agilis (Teleostei: Clinidae). Light and scanning electron microscopy. European Journal of Protistology 36, 100–102.Google Scholar
Aloo, P. A., Anam, R. O. and Mwangi, J. N. (2004). Metazoan parasites of some commercially important fish along the Kenyan coast. Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science 3, 71–78.Google Scholar
Amin, O. M. and Christison, K. W. (2005). Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) dorsovaginatus n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from the dusky kob Argyrosomus japonicas (Sciaenidae) on the southern coast of South Africa. Systematic Parasitology 61, 173–179.Google Scholar
Anderson, R. C. (1993). Larval Anisakis sp. (Ascaridoidea, Anisakidae) from the coelacanth, Latimeria chalumnae . Environmental Biology of Fishes 38, 411–413.Google Scholar
Anyanwu, A. O. (1983). Parasitic infestations of Pseudolotolithus spp. off the coast of Lagos, Nigeria. Journal of Fish Biology 22, 29–33.Google Scholar
Avenant-Oldewage, A. (1994). A new species of Argulus from Kosi Bay and distribution records of the genus. Koedoe 37, 89–95.Google Scholar
Avery, K. W. J., Lamprecht, XX. and de Korte, R. (1990). Kudoa (Chloromyxum) survey of pilchards (II). FIRI Technical Report 5, 1–13.Google Scholar
Baldwin, R. E., Banks, M. A. and Jacobson, K. C. (2012). Integrating fish and parasite data as a holistic solution for identifying the elusive stock structure of Pacific sardines (Sardinops sagax). Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 22, 137–156.Google Scholar
Bane, G. W. (1969). Parasites of the yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares, in the Atlantic (Pisces: Scombridae). Wasmann Journal of Biology 27, 163–175.Google Scholar
Barnard, K. H. (1914 a). Contributions to the crustacean fauna of South Africa. 1. Additions to the marine Isopoda. Annals of the South African Museum 10, 197–230.Google Scholar
Barnard, K. H. (1914 b). Contributions to the crustacean fauna of South Africa. 3. Additions to the marine Isopoda, with notes on some previously incompletely known species. Annals of the South African Museum 10, 325a–358a, 359–442.Google Scholar
Barnard, K. H. (1920). Contributions to the crustacean fauna of South Africa. No. 6. Further additions to the list of marine Isopoda. Annals of the South African Museum 17, 319–438.Google Scholar
Barnard, K. H. (1925). Description of a new species of Gnathia (Crustacea, Isopoda) from South Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 15, 417–418.Google Scholar
Barnard, K. H. (1926). Report on a collection of Crustacea from Portuguese East Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 13, 119–129, pl.10–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnard, K. H. (1940). Contributions to the crustacean fauna of South Africa. 12. Further additions to the Tanaidacea, Isopoda and Amphipoda, together with keys for the identification of hitherto recorded marine and fresh-water species. Annals of the South African Museum 32, 381–543.Google Scholar
Barnard, K. H. (1948). New records and descriptions of new species of parasitic Copepoda from South Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 12, 242–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnard, K. H. (1955 a). South African parasitic Copepoda. Annals of the South African Museum 41, 223–312.Google Scholar
Barnard, K. H. (1955 b). Additions to the fauna list of South African Crustacea and Pycnogonida. Annals of the South African Museum 43, 1–107.Google Scholar
Barnard, K. H. (1957). Additions to the fauna list of South African Crustacea. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 12, 1–12.Google Scholar
Barnard, K. H. (1960). Isopoda parasitic on Madagascar fish. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar 3, 93–95.Google Scholar
Bassett-Smith, P. W. (1903). On new Parasitic Copepoda from Zanzibar and East Africa, collected by Mr. Cyril Crossland, B.A., B.Sc. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 73, 104–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baudin-Laurencin, F. (1971). Crustacés et Helminthes parasites de 1'Albacore (Thunnus alhacares) du golf de Guinée – Note préliminaire. Documents Scientifiques. Centre de Recherches Oceanographiques, Abidjan 2, 1–30.Google Scholar
Beverly-Burton, M., Chisholm, L. A. and Allison, F. R. (1993). The species of Callorhynchicola (Monogenea: Chimaericolidae) from the Callorhinchus species (Chimaeriformes: Callohrinchidae): adult morphology and the larval haptor. Systematic Parasitology 21, 201–215.Google Scholar
Bih-Awa, S. (2012). The parasites of Callorhinchus capensis (St. Joseph shark). Mini-MSc, University of Cape Town, South Africa.Google Scholar
Botes, H. (1999). Sessiline ciliophorans associated with Haliotis species (Mollusca: Archaeogastropoda) from the South coast of South Africa. MSc thesis. University of the Orange Free State.Google Scholar
Botha, L. (1986). Major endoparasites of the Cape hakes Merluccius capensis and M. paradoxus, with brief notes on some conspicuous ectoparasites. South African Journal of Marine Science 4, 45–49.Google Scholar
Bowker, J. (2013). Parasites of Kunene horse mackerel Trachurus trecae (Smith-Vaniz, 1986) with a comparison of parasites of Cape horse mackerel T. capensis (Castelnau, 1861) in the northern Benguela. BSc (Hons) thesis. University of Cape Town, p. 46.Google Scholar
Bray, R. A. (1974). Acanthocephala in the flatfish Solea bleekeri (Soleidae) from Cape Province, South Africa. Journal of Helminthology 48, 179–185.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bray, R. A. (1984). Some helminth parasites of marine fishes and cephalopods of South Africa: Aspidogastrea and the digenean families Bucephalidae, Haplosplanchnidae, Mesometridae and Fellodistomidae. Journal of Natural History 18, 271–292.Google Scholar
Bray, R. A. (1985). Some helminth parasites of marine fishes of South Africa: Families Gorgoderidae, Zoogonidae, Cephaloporidae, Acanthocolpidae and Lepocreadiidae (Digenea). Journal of Natural History 19, 377–405.Google Scholar
Bray, R. A. (1986). Some helminth parasites of marine fishes of South Africa: families Enenteridae, Opistholebetidae and Pleorchiidae (Digenea). Journal of Natural History 20, 471–488.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bray, R. A. (1987). Some helminth parasites of marine fishes of South Africa: family Opecoelidae (Digenea). Journal of Natural History 21, 1049–1075.Google Scholar
Bray, R. A. and Reimer, L. W. (2004). Two species of Stephanostomum Looss, 1899 (Digenea: Acanthocolpidae) from marine fishes off Namibia, including S. beukelaardori n. sp. Systematic Parasitology 58, 209–216.Google Scholar
Bray, R. A., Spencer Jones, M. E. and Lewis, J. W. (1988). Acanthocephaloides cyrusi n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Arhythmacanthidae) from southeast African teleost fishes. Systematic Parasitology 12, 109–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruce, N. L. and Bowman, T. E. (1989). Species of the parasitic isopod genera Ceratothoa and Glossobius (Crustacea: Cymothoidae) from the mouths of flying fishes and halfbeaks (Beloniformes). Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Bullard, S. A., Dippenaar, S. M., Hoffmayer, E. R. and Benz, G. W. (2004). New locality records for Dermophthirius carcharhini (Monogenea: Microbothriidae) and Dermophthiruis maccallumi and a list of a hosts and localities for species of Dermophthirius . Comparative Parasitology 71, 78–80.Google Scholar
Burmeister, L. (2005). Is there a single stock of Merluccius paradoxus in the Benguela ecosystem? South African Journal of Marine Science 27, 23–32.Google Scholar
Bussieras, J. and Aldrin, J. F. (1965). Une tétrarhynche osevasculaire des thons du golf de Guinée due aux larves plerocercus de Dasyrhynchus talismani (R. Ph. Dollfus, 1935). Revue d Elevage et de Medecine Veterinaire des Pays Tropicaux (Paris) 182, 137–143.Google Scholar
Caira, J. N., Pickering, M., Schulman, A. D. and Hanessian, N. J. (2013 a). Two new species of Echinobothrium (Cestoda: Diphyllidae) from Batoids off South Africa. Comparative Parasitology 80, 22–32.Google Scholar
Caira, J. N., Rodriguez, N. and Pickering, M. (2013 b). New African species of Echinobothrium (Cestoda: Diphyllidea) and implications for the identities of their skate hosts. Journal of Parasitology 99, 781–788.Google Scholar
Campbell, R. A. and Beveridge, I. (1997). Pterobothrioides, a new genus of tapeworms (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha: Pterobothriidae) from dasyatid stingrays in the Eastern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Systematic Parasitology 38, 81–91.Google Scholar
Castro-Pampillón, J. A., Rodríguez-Domínguez, H., Soto-Búa, M. J., Mejuto-García, J., Arias-Fernández, C. and García-Estévez, J. M. (2002 a). Parasites of swordfish from the Gulf of Guinea. Journal of Parasitology 88, 188–189.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Castro-Pampillón, J., Soto-Búa, M., Rodríguez-Domínguez, H., Mejuto-García, J., Arias-Fernández, C. and García-Estévez, J. (2002 b). Selecting parasites for use in biological tagging of the Atlantic swordfish (Xiphias gladius). Fisheries Research 59, 259–262.Google Scholar
Coetzee, J. C., van der Lingen, C. D., Hutchings, L. and Fairweather, T. P. (2008). Has the fishery contributed to a major shift in the distribution of South African sardine? ICES Journal of Marine Science 65, 1676–1688.Google Scholar
DAFF (2012). Status of the South African Marine Fishery Resources. Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Cape Town, South Africa.Google Scholar
Daguerre de Hereux, N. (1971). Contribution a l'etude des ispodes marin du maroc, III. Description sommaire de Gnathia panousei n. sp. (Isopoda Gnathiidae). Societe des Sciences Naturelles et Physiques du Maroc 51, 183–187.Google Scholar
Davies, A. J. and Smit, N. J. (2001). The life cycle of Haemogregarina bigemina (Adeleina: Haemogregarinidae) in South African hosts. Folia Parasitologica 48, 169–177.Google Scholar
Davies, A. J., Reed, C. C. and Smit, N. J. (2003). An unusual intraerythrocytic parasite of Parablennius cornutus from South Africa. Journal of Parasitology 89, 913–917.Google Scholar
Davies, A. J., Smit, N. J., Hayes, P. M., Seddon, A. M. and Wertheim, D. (2004). Haemogregarina bigemina (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Adeleorina) – past, present and future. Folia Parasitologica 51, 99–108.Google Scholar
Davies, R. and Beyers, E. (1947). A protozoal disease of South African trawled fish and its routine detection by fluorescence. Nature 159, 714.Google Scholar
Diamanka, A., Fall, M., Diebakate, C., Faye, N. and Toguebaye, B. S. (2008). Identification of Myxobolus episquamalis (Myxozoa, Myxobolidae) in flathead gray mullet Mugil cephalus (Pisces, Teleostei, Mugilidae) from the coast of Senegal (eastern tropical Atlantic Ocean). Acta Adriatica 49, 19–23.Google Scholar
Diamanka, A., Boudaya, L., Toguebaye, B. S. and Pariselle, A. (2010). Lamellodiscu euzeti n. sp. (Monegena: Diplectanidae), a parasite from Dentex canariensis and D. gibbosus (Teleostei: Sparidae) in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Parasite 18, 145–150.Google Scholar
Diebakate, C. and Raibaut, A. (1996). Copepods of the genus Lernanthropus de Blainville, 1822, parasites on marine fish from Senegal. Systematic Parasitology 34, 89–107.Google Scholar
Diebakate, C., Fall, M., Faye, N. and Toguebaye, B. S. (1999). Unicapsula marquesi n. sp. (Myxosporea, Multivalvulida) parasite des branchies de Polydactylus quadrifilis (Cuvier, 1829) (Poisson, Polynemidae) des côtes Sénégalaises (Afrique de l'Ouest). Parasite 6, 231–235.Google Scholar
Diouf, J. N. and Toguebaye, B. S. (1993). Studies of coccidian parasites of fish from the coast of Senegal (West Africa): new species of the genus Goussia (Apicomplexa, Eucoccidiida, Calyptosporidae). Zoologica Scripta 22, 117–126.Google Scholar
Diouf, J. N. and Toguebaye, B. S. (1994 a). Eimeria sardinae Reichenow, 1921 (Apicomplexa, Coocidia) infection in Sardinella maderensis (Lowe, 1839) (Clupeidae) from the Senegalese coasts. Bulletin of European Association of Fish Pathologists 14, 41–43.Google Scholar
Diouf, J. N. and Toguebaye, B. S. (1994 b). Study of some marine fish coccidia of the genus Eimeria Schneider, 1875 (Apicomplexa, Coccidia) from Senegalese coasts. Acta Protozoologica 33, 239–250.Google Scholar
Diouf, J. N. and Toguebaye, B. S. (1996). Eimeria spari n. sp. (Apicomplexa, Eimeriidae) parasite de l'intestin de Sparus caeruleostictus (Valenciennes, 1830) (Poisson, Sparidae) des côtes sénégalaises. Parasite 4, 351–355.Google Scholar
Diouf, J. N. and Toguebaye, B. S. (2003). Ultrastructure of sporogonial stages of Eimeria kayarensis Diouf and Toguebaye, 1994 (Apicomplexa, Coccidia). Acta Adriatica 44, 169–173.Google Scholar
Diouf, J. N. and Toguebaye, B. S. (2013). An ultrastructural study on the merogonic stages of Goussia senegalensis (Faye, 1988) Diouf and Toguebaye, 1993 (Apicomplexa, Coccidia) from the liver of Pagellus bellottii (Pisces, Teleostei). Turkish Journal of Zoology 37, 636–646.Google Scholar
Dippenaar, S. M. (2005). Reported siphonostomatoid copepods parasitic on marine fishes of Southern Africa. Crustaceana 77, 1281–1328.Google Scholar
Dippenaar, S. M. and Jordaan, B. P. (2006). Nesippus orientalis Heller, 1868 (Pandaridae: Siphonostomatoida): description of the adult, young and immature females, a first description of the male and aspects of their functional morphology. Systematic Parasitology 65, 27–41.Google Scholar
Dippenaar, S. M. and Jordaan, B. P. (2007). New host and geographical records of siphonostomatoid copepods associated with elasmobranchs off the KwaZulu-Natal coast, South Africa. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 74, 169–175.Google Scholar
Dippenaar, S. M. and Lebepe, M. C. (2013). Two new species of Pupulina van Beneden, 1892 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Caligidae) from mobulid rays off South Africa. Systematic Parasitology 85, 27–35.Google Scholar
Dippenaar, S. M. and Olivier, P. A. S. (1999). New morphological information of the parasitic copepod Kroyeria dispar Wilson, 1935 (Copepoda: Kroyeriidae) from the east coast of South Africa. South African Journal of Zoology 34, 125–129.Google Scholar
Dippenaar, S. M., Benz, G. W. and Olivier, P. A. S. (2000). Kroyeria deetsi n. sp (Kroyeriidae: Siphonostomatoida), a parasitic copepod infecting gills of spinner sharks, Carcharhinus brevipinna (Müller & Henle, 1839), in the Indian Ocean. African Zoology 35, 185–192.Google Scholar
Dippenaar, S. M., Olivier, P. A. S. and Benz, G. W. (2001). Kroyeria sphynae Rangnekar, 1957 (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida, Kroyeriidae): first description of the male, supplementary remarks on the female, a new geographic record for the species, and a key to geographic record for the species, and a key to Kroyeria males. Crustaceana 74, 883–894.Google Scholar
Dippenaar, S. M., Olivier, P. A. S. and Benz, G. W. (2004). Schistobrachia jordaanae n. sp. (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Lernaeopodidae) from gill filaments of a diamond ray (Gymnura natalensis) captured in the Indian Ocean and a key to species of Schistobrachia, dendrapta, and brianella . Journal of Parasitology 90, 481–484.Google Scholar
Dippenaar, S. M., van Tonder, R. C. and Wintner, S. P. (2009). Is there evidence of niche restriction in the spatial distribution of Kroyeria dispar Wilson, 1935, K. papillipes Wilson, 1932 and Eudactylina pusilla Cressey, 1967 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) on the gill filaments of tiger sharks Galeocerdo cuvier off Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa? Hydrobiologia 619, 89–101.Google Scholar
Dippenaar, S. M., Mathibela, R. B. and Bloomer, P. (2010). Cytochrome oxidase I sequences reveal possible cryptic diversity in the cosmopolitan symbiotic copepod Nesippus orientalis Heller, 1868 (Pandaridae: Siphostomatoida) on elasmobranch hosts from the Kwazulu-Natal coast of South Africa. Experimental Parasitology 125, 42–50.Google Scholar
Dojiri, M. (1989). Two species of Caligus (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) parasitic on fishes from Southern Africa. Journal of Natural History 23, 363–374.Google Scholar
Doussou, C. T. (1985). Monogenous parasites de poissonsd'eaudounce au Benin (Ouest African); These de doctoral d'etat.Google Scholar
Dubina, V. R. and Isakov, L. S. (1976). New species of myxosporidians from the gall bladder of Bathial fishes. Parazitologiya 10, 556–560.Google Scholar
Durholtz, M. D., Singh, L., Fairweather, T. P., Leslie, R. W., van der Lingen, C. D., Bross, C. A. R., Hutchings, L., Rademeyer, R. A., Butterworth, D. S. and Payne, A. I. L. (2014). Fisheries, ecology and markets of South African hake. In Hake: Fisheries, Ecology and Markets (ed. Yáñez-Aranciba, H.). Chapman and Hall, New York, NY, USA. In press.Google Scholar
Fall, M., Kpatcha, T. K., Diebakate, C., Faye, N. and Toguebaye, B. S. (1997). Observations sur des Myxosporidies (Myxozoa) du genre Myxobolus parasites de Mugil cephalus (Poisson, Téléostéen) du Sénégal. Parasite 2, 173–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fall, M., Fomena, A., Kostoïngue, B., Diebakate, C., Faye, N. and Toguebaye, B. S. (2000). Myxosporidies (Myxozoa, Myxosporea) parasites des poissons Cichlidae du Cameroun, du sénégal et du Tchad (Afrique) avec la description de deux nouvelles espèces. Annales des Sciences Naturelles 21, 81–92.Google Scholar
Fantham, H. B. (1918). Some parasitic protozoa found in South African fishes and amphibians. South African Journal of Science 15, 337–338.Google Scholar
Fantham, H. B. (1919). Some parasitic protozoans found in South Africa, II. South African Journal of Science 16, 185–191.Google Scholar
Fantham, H. B. (1930). Some parasitic protozoans found in South Africa, XIII. South African Journal of Science 27, 376–390.Google Scholar
Fantham, H. B. (1938). Lecithostaphylus spondyliosoma n. sp., a trematode parasite of the hottentot fish, Spondyliosoma blochii, found in South African waters. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 26, 387–393.Google Scholar
Fantham, H. B. and Porter, A. (1914). Myxosporidiasis: Some obvious and some concealed diseases of fishes. In: Some Minute Animal Parasites, or, Unseen Foes in the Animal World, pp. 236–259. Methuen, London, UK.Google Scholar
FAO (2007). National Fishery Sector Overview: The Republic of Mozambique. Report no. FID/CP/MOZ. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy.Google Scholar
FAO (2010). Workshop on Child Labour in Fisheries and Aquaculture in Cooperation with ILO. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy.Google Scholar
Farooqi, N. (1981). Acanthocephala from marine fishes of Nigeria. Indian Journal of Parasitology 5, 125–131.Google Scholar
Faye, N. and Toguebaye, B. S. (2005). Microsporidian in four species of carangid fishes from Senegalese Coast (West Africa). Acta Adriatica 46, 21–26.Google Scholar
Faye, N., Toguebaye, B. S. and Bouix, G. (1990). Ultrastructure and development of Pleistophora senegalensis n. sp (Protozoa, Microspora) from the gilt-head sea bream, Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 (Teleost, Sparidae) from the coast of Senegal. Journal of Fish Diseases 13, 179–192.Google Scholar
Faye, N., Toguebaye, B. S. and Bouix, G. (1991). Microflum lutjani n. g., n. sp. (Protozoa, Microspora), parasite branchial de Lutjanus fulgens (Téléosttéen, Lutjanidae): ultrastucture et émergence du filament polaire. Journal of Protozoology 38, 30–40 (1 Suppl.) 26A.Google Scholar
Faye, N., Toguebaye, B. S. and Bouix, G. (1994). Nosemoides syacii n. sp. a microsporidian parasite of the West African Turbot, Syacium micrurum Ranzani, 1840. Systematic Parasitology 29, 43–50.Google Scholar
Faye, N., Toguebaye, B. S. and Bouix, G. (1995). On the cytology and development of Loma boopsi n. sp. (Microspora, Glugeidae) parasite of Boops boops (Fish, Teleost, Sparidae) from the coasts of Senegal. Archiv für Protistenkunde 146, 85–93.Google Scholar
Faye, N., Toguebaye, B. S. and Bouix, G. (1996). Ultrastructure and development of Neonosemoides tilapiae (Sakiti and Bouix, 1987) n. g., n. comb. (Protozoa, Microspora) from African cichlid fish. European Journal of Protistology 32, 320–326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faye, N., Kpatcha, T. K., Fall, M. and Toguebaye, B. S. (1997). Heart infections due to myxosporean (Myxozoa) parasites in marine and estuarine fishes from Senegal. Bulletin of European Association of Fish Pathologists 17, 115–117.Google Scholar
Faye, N., Toguebaye, B. S. and Bouix, G. (1998). On the occurrence of microsporidian infections in the liver of four sparid fishes species from Senegal. Bulletin of European Association of Fish Pathologists 18, 84–86.Google Scholar
Faye, N., Kpatcha, T. K., Diebakate, C., Fall, M. and Toguebaye, B. S. (1999). Gill infections due to myxosporean (Myxozoa) parasites in fishes from Senegal with description of Myxobolus hani sp. n. Bulletin of European Association of Fish Pathologists 19, 14–16.Google Scholar
Faye, N., Toguebaye, B. S. and Bouix, G. (2004). First report of microsporidian infections in solefishes from Senegal coasts (West Africa). Bulletin of European Association of Fish Pathologists 22, 115–117.Google Scholar
Ferreira, M. L., Smit, N. J. and Davies, A. J. (2012). Unusual haemogregarines parasitizing intertidal teleosts from the subtropical east coast of South Africa, with the description of Haemogregarina kunegemina sp. nov. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 92, 1209–1215.Google Scholar
Fischthal, J. H. and Thomas, J. D. (1968). Digenetic trematodes of marine fishes from Ghana: Families Acanthocolpidae, Bucephalidae, Didymozoidae. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 35, 237–247.Google Scholar
Gaevskaya, A. V. (1990). Some notes on trematodes of the genus Opechona (Lepocreadiidae). Parazitologiya 24, 439–442.Google Scholar
Gaevskaya, A. V. and Kovaleva, A. A. (1979). Two new species of Myxosporidia Davisia donecae n. sp. and Ceratomyxa australis n. sp. from the horse mackerel in the southeastern Atlantic. Biologica Morya (Vladivostok) 3, 80–83.Google Scholar
Gaevskaya, A. V. and Kovaleva, A. A. (1980). The use of parasitological data in population studies on Atlantic Carangidae of the genus Trachurus . Konfederazie Ukrainskoeo Parazitologie Tezisy Doklavov Chast'l Kiev 9, 132–133. [In Russian]Google Scholar
Gaevskaya, A. V. and Kovaleva, A. A. (1985). The parasite fauna of oceanic horse mackerel Trachurus picturatus picturatus and eco-geographical characteristics of its formation. Ehkologiya Morya 20, 80–84. [In Russian]Google Scholar
Garcia, A., Santos, M. N., Damiano, S., Nascetti, G. and Mattiucci, S. (2008). The metazoan parasites of swordfish from Atlantic tropical–equatorial waters. Journal of Fish Biology 73, 2274–2287.Google Scholar
Garcia, A., Mattiucci, S., Damiano, S., Santos, M. N. and Nascetti, G. (2011). Metazoan parasites of swordfish, Xiphias gladius (Pisces: Xiphiidae) from the Atlantic Ocean: implications for host stock identification. ICES Journal of Marine Science 68, 175–182.Google Scholar
Gilchrist, J. D. F. (1918). The eggs and spawning-habits of the pilot fish (Nauctrates ductor). Annals and Magazine of Natural History 2, 114–118.Google Scholar
Gilchrist, J. D. F. (1924). A protozoal parasite Chloromyxum thyrsites sp. n. of the Cape sea fish, the “snoek” (Thyrsites atun, Euplin). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 11, 263–273.Google Scholar
Golvan, Y. J. (1956). A new species and variety of Acanthocephala parasites of salt water fish of the Senegal coasts, and redescription of Serrasentis socialis (Leidy 1851) van Cleave 1924. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine Compare 31, 225–241. [In French]Google Scholar
Griffiths, M. H. (2002). Life history of South African snoek, Thyrsites atun (Pisces: Gempylidae): a pelagic predator of the Benguela ecosystem. Fishery Bulletin 100, 690–710.Google Scholar
Grobler, N. J., Van As, J. G. and Olivier, P. A. S. (2002). Description of the previous unknown male of Caligus mortis Kensley, 1970, parasite of intertidal fish species from South Africa. Folia Parasitologica 49, 131–136.Google Scholar
Grobler, N. J., Christison, K. W., Olivier, P. A. S. and Van As, J. G. (2003 a). Observations on the development of Udonella caligorum Johnston, 1835 (monogenea: Polyonchoinea) on a parasitic copepod species of Caligus (Copepoda: Caligidae), collected from Lake St Lucia, South Africa. African Zoology 38, 393–396.Google Scholar
Grobler, N. J., Van As, J. G. and Olivier, P. A. S. (2003 b). Additional morphological information on two species of Caligus (Copepoda: Caligidae) parasitic on South African marine and estuarine fish. African Zoology 38, 139–143.Google Scholar
Grobler, N. J., Van As, J. G. and Olivier, P. A. S. (2004). New morphological information on the parasitic copepods Caligus epinepheli Yamaguti, 1936 and Caligus rotundigenitalis Yu, 1933 (Copepoda: Caligidae) from South Africa. Crustaceana 77, 187–196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gyory, J., Bischof, B., Mariano, A. J. and Ryan, E. H. (2005). “The Guinea Current.” Ocean Surface Currents. http://oceancurrents.rsmas.miami.edu/atlantic/guinea.html.Google Scholar
Hadfield, K. A. and Smit, N. J. (2008). Description of a new gnathiid, Afrignathia multicavea gen. et sp. n. (Crustacea: Isopoda: Gnathiidae), from South Africa. African Zoology 43, 81–89.Google Scholar
Hadfield, K. A., Smit, N. J. and Avenant-Oldewage, A. (2008). Gnathia pilosus sp. nov. (Crustacea, Isopoda, Gnathiidae) from the east coast of South Africa. Zootaxa 1894, 23–41.Google Scholar
Hadfield, K. A., Smit, N. J. and Avenant-Oldewage, A. (2009). Life cycle of the temporary fish parasite, Gnathia pilosus (Crustacea: Isopoda: Gnathiidae) from the east coast of South Africa. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 89, 1331–1339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hadfield, K. A., Bruce, N. L. and Smit, N. J. (2010). Redescription of the monotypic genus Cinusa Schioedte and Meinert, 1884 (Isopoda, Cymothoidae), a buccal-cavity isopod from South Africa. Zootaxa 2437, 51–68.Google Scholar
Hadfield, K. A., Bruce, N. L. and Smit, N. J. (2011). Cymothoa hermani sp. nov. (Isopoda, Cymothoidae, Crustacea), a parasitic isopod, collected off the Zanzibar coast, Tanzania from the mouth of a parrotfish (Scaridae). Zootaxa 2876, 57–68.Google Scholar
Hadfield, K. A., Bruce, N. L. and Smit, N. J. (2013). Review of the fish-parasitic genus Cymothoa Fabricius, 1793 (Isopoda, Cymothoidae, Crustacea) from the southwestern Indian Ocean, including a new species from South Africa. Zootaxa 3640, 152–176.Google Scholar
Harding, J. P. (1964). A new genus and species of Ergasilid copepod parasitic in the pericardium of a mollusc from Nigeria. Crustaceana 6, 289–290.Google Scholar
Haupt, M., Griffiths, C. L., Robinson, T. B. and Tonin, A. F. G. (2009). Oysters as vectors of marine aliens, with notes on four introduced species associated with oyster farming in South Africa. African Zoology 45, 52–62.Google Scholar
Hayes, P. M., Smit, N. J. and Davies, A. J. (2007). Pathology associated with parasitic juvenile gnathiids feeding on the puffadder shyshark, Haploblepharus edwardsii (Voigt). Journal of Fish Diseases 3, 55–58.Google Scholar
Hayes, P. M., Smit, N. J., Seddon, A. M., Wertheim, D. F. and Davies, A. J. (2006). A new fish haemogregarine from South Africa and its suspected dual transmission with trypanosomes by a marine leech. Folia Parasitologica 53, 241–248.Google Scholar
Hecht, T. (1976). The general biology of six major trawl fish species of the eastern Cape coast of South Africa with notes on the demersal fishery, 1967–1975. Ph.D. thesis. University of Port Elizabeth, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.Google Scholar
Hecht, T. (1990). On the life history of Cape horse mackerel, Trachurus trachurus capensis off the south east coast of South Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science 9, 317–326.Google Scholar
Hecht, T. and Endemann, F. (1998). The impact of parasites, infections and diseases on the development of aquaculture in sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 14, 213–221.Google Scholar
Heileman, S., Lutjeharms, J. R. E. and Scott, L. E. P. (2009). Agulhas and Somali Current LMEs. The UNEP Large Marine Ecosystem Report: A Perspective on Changing Conditions in LMEs of the World's Regional Seas. Agulhas and Somali Large Marine Ecosystem Project. www.aclme.org.Google Scholar
Hennig, H. (1974). The effect of a larval Anisakis (Nematoda: Ascaroidea) on the South West African anchovy, Engraulis capensis. ICES Journal of Marine Science 35, 185–188.Google Scholar
Henning, S. S., Hoffman, L. C. and Manley, M. (2013). A review of Kudoa induced myoliquefaction of marine fish species in South Africa and other countries. South African Journal of Science 109, 1–5.Google Scholar
Ho, J.-S. (1975). Parasitic crustacea. In: E. D. Lane & C. W. Hill, The marine resources of Anaheim Bay. California Department of Fisheries and Game Fisheries Bulletin 165, 69–72.Google Scholar
Hutchings, L., van der Lingen, C. D., Shannon, L. J., Crawford, R., Verheye, H. M. S., Bartholomae, C. H., van der Plas, A. K., Louw, D., Kreiner, A., Ostrowski, M., Fidel, Q., Barlow, R. G., Lamont, T., Coetzee, J., Shillington, F., Veitch, J., Currie, J. and Monteiro, P. (2009). The Benguela Current: an ecosystem of four components. Progress in Oceanography 83, 15–32.Google Scholar
Jackson, B. C., Kirby, M. X., Berger, W. H., Bjorndal, K. A., Botsford, L. W., Bourque, B. J., Bradbury, R. H., Richard Cooke, R., Erlandson, J., Estes, J. A., Hughes, T. P., Kidwell, S., Lange, C. B., Lenihan, H. S., Pandolfi, J. M., Peterson, C. H., Steneck, R. S., Tegner, M. J. and Warner, R. R. (2001). Historical overfishing and the recent collapse of coastal ecosystems. Science 293, 629–637.Google Scholar
Jennings, S. and Kaiser, M. J. (1998). The effects of fishing on marine ecosystems. Advances in Marine Biology 34, 201–212.Google Scholar
Jiddawi, N. S. and Ohman, M. C. (2002). Marine fisheries in Tanzania. Ambio 31, 518–527.Google Scholar
Jones, J. B. and Hine, P. M. (1978). A new species of Mugicola parasitic on South African elvers (Copepoda, Therodamasidae). Zoology Africa 13, 213–219.Google Scholar
Kabata, Z. (1963). A New Species of Clavella (Copepoda, Lernaeopodidae) from the South Atlantic. Crustaceana 5, 257–262.Google Scholar
Kabré, G. B. (1997). Parasites des poissons au Burkina Faso: Faunistique, ultrastructure, biologie. Thèse d’état, Universite Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.Google Scholar
Kainge, P., Kjesbu, O. S., Thorsen, A. and Salvanes, A. G. (2007). Merluccius capensis spawn in Namibian waters, but do M. paradoxus? African Journal of Marine Science 29, 379–392.Google Scholar
Kamegai, S. (1971). On some parasites of a coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae): a new monogenea, Dactylodiscus latimeris n. g., n. sp. (Dactylodiscidae n. Fam.). Research Bulletin of the Meguro Parasitological Museum 5, 1–5.Google Scholar
Kensley, B. (1970). A new species of Caligus from South West Africa (Copepoda, Caligidae). Crustaceana 18, 167–172.Google Scholar
Kensley, B. (1978). Guide to the Marine Isopods of Southern Africa. South African Museum, Rustica Press, Cape Town, South Africa.Google Scholar
Kensley, B. (2001). Biogeography of the marine Isopoda of the Indian Ocean, with a check-list of species and records. In Isopod Systematics and Evolution. Crustacean Issues 13 (ed. Kensley, B. and Brusca, R. C.), pp. 205–264. AA Balkema, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.Google Scholar
Kensley, B. and Grindley, J. R. (1973). South African parasitic copepods. Annals of the South African Museum 62, 69–130.Google Scholar
Kensley, B., Schotte, M. and Poore, G. C. (2009). Gnathiid isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda: Gnathiidae), mostly new, from the Indian Ocean. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 122, 32–51.Google Scholar
Kijewska, A., Dzido, J., Shukhgalter, O. and Rokicki, J. (2009). Anisakid parasites of fishes caught off the African Shelf. Journal of Parasitology 95, 639–654.Google Scholar
Kirstein, F., Horsnell, W. G. C., Nieuwenhuizen, N., Ryffel, B., Lopata, A. L. and Brombager, F. (2010). Anisakis pegreffii – induced airway hyper-responsiveness is mediated by gamma interferon in the absence of interleukin-4 receptor alpha responsiveness. Infection and Immunity 78, 4077–4086.Google Scholar
Kostoïngue, B. and Toguebaye, B. S. (1994). Le genre Myxobolus (Myxozoa, Mycrosporea) chez les poissons d'eau douce du Tchad avec la description de trois nouvelles espèces. Bulletin Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar série A 47, 63–71.Google Scholar
Kostoïngue, B., Faye, N. and Toguebaye, B. S. (1998). Nouvelles espéces de Myxosporidies des genres Myxidium Bütschli, 1882 et Myxobolus Bütschli, 1882 (Myxozoa, Myxosporea) chez des poissons d'eau douce du Tchad (Afrique centrale). Journal of African Zoology 112, 250–259.Google Scholar
Kostoïngue, B., Fall, M., Faye, N. and Toguebaye, B. S. (1999). Three new myxosporidian (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) parasites of freshwater fishes from Chad (Central Africa). Acta Protozoologica 38, 323–326.Google Scholar
Kostoïngue, B., Diebakate, C., Faye, N. and Toguebaye, B. S. (2001). Presence of Myxosporidea (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) of the genus Henneguya Thélohan, 1892 in freshwater fishes from Chad (Central Africa). Acta Protozoologica 40, 117–123.Google Scholar
Kpatcha, T. K., Diebakate, C. and Toguebaye, B. S. (1996 a). Myxosporean (Myxozoa, Myxosporea) des genres Sphaeromyxa Thélohan, 1892, Myxidium Bütscheli, 1882, Zschokkella, 1910, Sinuolinea Davis, 1917 et Leptotheca, 1895 parasites des poissons des côtes sénégalaises (Afrique de l'Ouest). Journal of African Zoology 110, 309–317.Google Scholar
Kpatcha, T. K., Diebakate, C., Faye, N. and Toguebaye, B. S. (1996 b). Quelques nouvelles espèces de Myxosporidies du genre Ceratomyxa Thélohan, 1895, parasites des poissons marins du Sénégal, Afrique de l'Ouest. Parasite 3, 223–228.Google Scholar
Kpatcha, T. K., Diebakate, C., Faye, N. and Toguebaye, B. S. (1997 a). Three new species of Myxosporean parasites of marine fishes from Senegal. Journal of Islamic Academy of Sciences 8, 85–90.Google Scholar
Kpatcha, T. K., Faye, N., Diebakate, C., Fall, M. and Toguebaye, B. S. (1997 b). Nouvelles espèces d‘Henneguya Thélohan, 1895 (Myxozoa, Myxosporea) parasites des poissons marins du Sénégal: Etude en microscopie photonoque et électronique. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Paris, 13 ème série 18, 81–91.Google Scholar
Kpatcha, T. K., Diebakate, C., Faye, N. and Toguebaye, B. S. (1999). Light and electron microscopic observations on Kudoa boopsi sp. n. (Myxosporea, Kudoidae), a gill parasite of Boops boops (Pisces, Teleostei, Sparidae) from coasts of Senegal (West Africa). Acta Protozoologica 38, 317–321.Google Scholar
Kruger, W. and Avenant-Oldewage, A. (1997). Ecological observations on the fish ectoparasite Mugilicola smithae (Crustacea; Copepoda). South African Journal of Wildlife Research 27, 108–111.Google Scholar
Krzeptowski, M. (1980). Occurrence of larval nematode Anisakis simplex, larval cestode Hepatoxylon trichiuri, and parasitic copepod Parabrachiella australis in juvenile Merluccius capensis off Namibia. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 10, 35–44.Google Scholar
Lamprecht, E., Avery, K. W. J., Fick, M. and de Korte, R. (1989). Chloromyxum survey of pilchards. FIRI Technical Report 4, 1–8.Google Scholar
Le Roux, J. (2013). Parasite assemblages of Cape horse mackerel (Trachurus capensis Castelnau, 1861) from the northern and southern Benguela. Mini-MSc, University of Cape Town.Google Scholar
Levron, C., Ternengo, S., Toguebaye, B. S. and Marchand, B. (2004 a). Ultrastructural observations of the development stages of Nosema diphterostomi sp. n., a microsporidian hyperparasite of Diphterostomum brusinae (Digenea: Zoogonidae) in Diplodus annularis (Pisces: Telesotei). Acta Protozoologica 43, 329–336.Google Scholar
Levron, C., Ternengo, S., Toguebaye, B. S. and Marchand, B. (2004 b). Ultrastructural description of the life cycle of Nosema monorchis n. sp. (Microspora, Nosematidae) hyperparasite of Monorchis parvus (Digenea, Monorchiidae), intestinal parasite of Diplodus annularis (Pisces, Telesotei). European Journal of Protistology 41, 251–256.Google Scholar
Lima dos Santos, C. A. M. and Howgate, P. (2011). Fishborne zoonotic parasites and aquaculture: a review. Aquaculture 318, 253–261.Google Scholar
Linton, P. (1924). Gyrocotyle plana sp. nov. with notes on South African cestodes of fishes. Union of South African Fisheries and Marine Biology Survey. Report No. 3. 8, 1–27.Google Scholar
MacKenzie, K. and Abaunza, P. (2013). Parasites as biological tags. In Stock Identification Methods. Applications in Fisheries Science, 2nd Edn (ed. Cadrin, S. X., Kerr, L. A. and Mariani, S.), pp. 185–204. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, USA.Google Scholar
Manter, H. W. (1955). Two new monogenetic trematodes from elephant fishes (Callorhynchus) from South Africa and New Zealand. In Essays in the Natural Sciences in Honor of Captain Allan Hancock on the Occasion of His Birthday, July 26, 1955. University of South California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.Google Scholar
Marchand, B. (1984). The elaboration of the acanthor shell of Acanthosentis acanthuri (Acanthocephala). Journal of Parasitology 70, 712–718.Google Scholar
Martens, E. and Meons, J. (1995). The metazoan ecto and endoparasites of the rabbitfish, Siganus sutor (Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1835) of Kenyan Coast. African Journal of Ecology 33, 405–419.Google Scholar
Matta, C. A. and Cloete, E. C. (1992). Kudoa infection in pilchards – the use of additives as a possible treatment for testure improvement during canning. FIRI Technical Report 7, 13–23.Google Scholar
Meyer-Rochow, V. B. (1972). A note on some parasites of Merluccius capensis (Pisces) and their zoogeographical significance. African Journal of Tropical Hydrobiology and Fisheries 2, 82–84.Google Scholar
Moravec, F., Orecchia, P. and Paggi, L. (1988). Three interesting nematodes from the fish Parupeneus indicus (Mullidae, Perciformes) of the Indian Ocean, including a new species, Ascarophis parupenei sp. n. (Habronematoidea). Folia Parasitologica 35, 47–57.Google Scholar
Moravec, F., Boomker, J. and Taraschewski, H. (2000). Paraquimperia africana n. sp. (Nematoda: Quimperiidae), a new intestinal parasite of the eel Anguilla mossambica Peters, in South Africa. Journal of Parasitology 86, 113–117.Google Scholar
Moravec, F., Van As, J. G. and Dyková, I. (2002). Proleptus obtusus Dujardin, 1845 (Nematoda: Physalopteridae) from the puffadder shyshark Haploblepharus edwardsii (Scyliorhinidae) from off South Africa. Systematic Parasitology 53, 169–173.Google Scholar
Moravec, F., Taraschewski, H., Appelhoff, D. and Weyl, O. (2012). A new species of Hysterothylacium (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from the giant mottled eel Anguilla marmorata in South Africa. Helminthologia 49, 174–180.Google Scholar
Mouton, A. and Gummow, B. (2011). The occurrence of gut associated parasites in the South African abalone, Haliotis midae in Western Cape aquaculture facilities. Aquaculture 313, 1–6.Google Scholar
Nel, R., Coetzee, P. S. and van Niekerk, G. (1996). The evaluation of two treatments to reduce mud worm (Polydora hoplura Claparéde) infestation in commercially reared oysters (Crassostrea gigas Thunberg). Aquaculture 141, 31–39.Google Scholar
Nieuwenhuizen, N. and Lopata, A. L. (2013). Anisakis – a food-borne parasite that triggers allergic host defences. International Journal for Parasitology 43, 1047–1057.Google Scholar
Nieuwenhuizen, N., Lopata, A., Jeebhay, M. F., Herbert, D. H., Robins, T. G. and Brombacher, F. (2006). Exposure to the fish parasite Anisakis causes allergic airway hyperreactivity and dermatitis. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 117, 1098–1105.Google Scholar
Nieuwenhuizen, N., Herbert, D. R., Brombacher, F. and Lopata, A. L. (2009). Differential requirements for interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 in protein contact dermatitis induced by Anisakis . Allergy 64, 1309–1318.Google Scholar
Nieuwenhuizen, N., Meter, J., Horsnell, W. G., Hoving, C., Fick, L., Sharp, M. F., Darby, M., Parihar, P., Brombacher, F. and Lopata, A. L. (2013). A cross-reactive monoclonal antibody to nematode haemoglobin enhances protective immune responses to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis . PloS Neglected Tropical Diseases 7, e2395.Google Scholar
Noor El-Deen, A. E., Abdel Hady, O. K., Shalaby, S. I. and Mona, S. Z. (2012). Field studies on Caligus disease among cultured Mugil Cephalus in brackish water fish farms. Life Sciences Journal 9, 733–737.Google Scholar
Obiekezie, A. I. (1986). Goussia ethmalotis n.sp. (Apicomplexa: Sporozoea), a coccidian parasite of the West African Shad, Ethmalosa fimbriata Bowditch 1825, (Pisces: Clupeidae). Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 72, 827–829.Google Scholar
Obiekezie, A. I. (1987). Philometra (Ranjhinemu) beninensis sp. nov. (Nematoda: Philometridae) from the giant African threadfin, Polydactylus quadrifiliis Cuvier, 1929 (Teleostei: Polynemidae). Revista de Zoologia 100, 357–361.Google Scholar
Obiekezie, A. I., Möller, H. and Anders, K. (1988). Diseases of the African estuarine catfish Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Lacépède) from the Cross River estuary, Nigeria. Journal of Fish Biology 32, 207–221.Google Scholar
Obiekezie, A. I., Anders, K., Lick, R., Möller, H. and Palm, H. (1992). External lesions and flesh parasites in commercial fishes of Nigerian inshore waters. Aquatic Living Resources 5, 173–183.Google Scholar
Oldewage, W. H. (1992). Occurrence and distribution of parasitic Copepoda (Crustacea) off the southern coast of South Africa. South African Journal of Wildlife Research 22, 33–35.Google Scholar
Oldewage, W. H. (1993 a). Occurrence and distribution of copepod parasites on the west coast of South Africa. Journal of African Zoology 107, 413–418.Google Scholar
Oldewage, W. H. (1993 b). Three species of piscine parasitic copepods from southern African coastal waters. South African Journal of Zoology 28, 113–121.Google Scholar
Oldewage, W. H. and Smale, M. J. (1993). Occurrence of piscine parasitic copepods (Crustacea) on sharks taken mainly off Cape Recife, South Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science 13, 309–312.Google Scholar
Oldewage, W. H. and Van As, J. G. (1988). Two new species of Ergasilidae (Copepoda: Poecilostomatoida) parasitic on Mugil cephalus L. from southern Africa. Hydrobiologia 162, 135–139.Google Scholar
Olivier, P. A. S., Dippenaar, S. M., Khalil, L. F. and Mokgalong, N. M. (2000). Observation on lesser-known monogenean, Udonella myliobati, from a copepod parasite, Lepeophtheirus natalensis, parasitizing the spotted ragged-tooth shark, Carcharias taurus, from South African waters. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 67, 135–140.Google Scholar
Oribhabor, B. J., Ogbeibu, A. E. and Okaka, C. E. (2012). The gastrointestinal helminth parasites of the threadfin fish, Polydactylus quadrifilis (Family: Polynemidae) in a Niger Delta Mangrove Creek, Nigeria. International Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 4, 240–243.Google Scholar
Palm, H. W. (1992). Identification and quantification of cestode larvae of fishes from different Atlantic regions. M.Sc. thesis. Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany. [in German]Google Scholar
Palm, H. W., Obiekezie, A. I. and Möller, H. (1994). Trypanorhynch cestodes of commercial inshore fishes of the West African coast. Aquatic Living Resources 7, 153–164.Google Scholar
Palm, H. W., Walter, T. and Schwerdtfeger, G. (1997). Nybelinia Poche, 1926 (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) from the Moçambique Coast, with description of N. beveridgei sp. nov. and systematic consideration of the genus. South African Journal of Marine Science 18, 273–285.Google Scholar
Parukhin, A. M. (1976 a). Parasitic Worms of Food Fishes in the Southern Seas. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, Russia. [In Russian]Google Scholar
Parukhin, A. M. (1976 b). Trematodes of fish in the Indian Ocean. Biologiya Morya, Kiev 38, 76–84. [In Russian]Google Scholar
Parukhin, A. M. (1978) On studies in trematode fauna of the Indian and Atlantic Ocean fishes. Biologiya Morya, Kiev 45, 90–99. [In Russian]Google Scholar
Payne, A. I. L. (1986). Observations on some conspicuous parasites of the southern African kingklip Genypterus capensis . South African Journal of Marine Science 4, 163–168.Google Scholar
Pinto, J. S. (1956). Parasitic castration in males of Sardina pilchardus (Walb.) due to testicular infestation by the coccidea Eimeria sardinae (Thel.). Revta Faculdidas Ciences Lisboa 5, 209–224.Google Scholar
Priebe, K. (1967). Oberdas vorkommen von myxosporidien pseudsysten in der muskulatur von sudatlanti seehecht (M. capensis). Archiev fur Lehensmillelhyg 18, 202–204.Google Scholar
Prudhoe, S. (1956). On a new trematode from South African fishes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 12, 72–75.Google Scholar
Reed, C. C., Basson, L., Van As, L. and Dyková, I. (2007). Four new myxozoans (Myxosporea: Bivalvulida) from intertidal fishes along the south coast of Africa. Folia Parasitologica 4, 283–292.Google Scholar
Reed, C. C., Basson, L., Van As, L. and Dyková, I. (2009). First record of a myxozoan of the genus Sphaeromyxa Thelohan, 1892 (Myxozoa: Bivalvulida) from the tip of Africa. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 29, 73–76.Google Scholar
Reed, C. C., MacKenzie, K. and van der Lingen, C. D. (2012). Parasites of South African sardines, Sardinops sagax, and an assessment of their potential as biological tags. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 32, 41–47.Google Scholar
Reimer, L. W. (1984). Investigations of shallow and deepwater prawns and fishes on parasites and a short note on biomass of plankton of the coast of the P.R. of Mozambique. Fisch Forsch Wiss Schriftenr 22, 27–35.Google Scholar
Reimer, L. W. (1989). Parasiten von crustacea und cephalopoda der gewasser von Mocambique. Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Padagogischen Hochschule Güestrow 2, 149–153.Google Scholar
Reimer, L. W. (1993). Parasites of Merluccius capensis and M. paradoxus from the coast of Namibia. Applied Parasitology 34, 143–150.Google Scholar
Rodriguez, N., Pickering, M. and Caira, J. N. (2011). Echinobothrium joshuai n. sp. (Cestoda: Diphyllidea) from the Roughnose Legskate, Cruriraja hulleyi (Rajiformes: Rajidae), of South Africa. Comparative Parasitology 78, 306–311.Google Scholar
Rokicki, J. (1983). Ectoparasites of the hakes Merluccius merluccius capensis (Castelnau) and Merluccius merluccius paradoxus (Frank) as an aid to host systematics. Collected Scientific Papers ICSEWAF 10, 167–170.Google Scholar
Sakiti, N. G. (1997). Myxosporidies et Microsporidies de poissons du Sub-Benin faunistigue, ultrastucture, biologie. In These de Doctorat d'etat UAC.Google Scholar
Schramm, M. (1989). Some trypanorhynch tapeworms found in marine fish. Naturalist 33, 22–26.Google Scholar
Schramm, M. (1991). Grillotia perelica (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) plerocercoids in mullet (Pisces: Mugilidae) from estuaries in Transkei, southern Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science 11, 169–178.Google Scholar
Schulman, S. S., Kovaleva, A. A. and Dubina, V. R. (1979). New Myxosporidians from fishes of the Atlantic coast of Africa. Parazitologiya 13, 71–79.Google Scholar
Shukhgalter, O. A. (2004). The parasite fauna of chub mackerel (Scomber japonicas Houttuyn, 1782) in the central, eastern Atlantic (Altantic coast of the northern Africa and the Azores Archipelago banks). Parazitologia 38, 160–170. [In Russian]Google Scholar
Simon, C. A., Ludford, A. and Wynne, S. (2006). Spionid polychaetes infesting cultured abalone Haliotis midae in South Africa. African Journal of Marine Science 28, 167–171.Google Scholar
Smit, N. J. and Basson, L. (2002). Gnathia pantherina sp. n. (Crustacea: Isopoda: Gnathiidae), a temporary ectoparasite of some elasmobranch species from southern Africa. Folia Parasitologica 49, 137–151.Google Scholar
Smit, N. J. and Davies, A. J. (1999). New host records for Haemogregarina bigemina from the coast of southern Africa. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 79, 933–935.Google Scholar
Smit, N. J. and Davies, A. J. (2001). An encapsulated haemogregarine from the evileye pufferfish in South Africa. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 81, 751–754.Google Scholar
Smit, N. J. and Davies, A. J. (2004). The curious life-style of the parasitic stages of gnathiid isopods. Advances in Parasitology 58, 289–391.Google Scholar
Smit, N. J. and Davies, A. J. (2005). Intraerythrocytic merogony in the development of Haemogregarina koppiensis (Apicomplexa: Adeleorina: Haemogregarinidae). Folia Parasitologica 52, 277–278.Google Scholar
Smit, N. J. and Davies, A. J. (2006). Desseria zei sp. nov. (Adeleorina: Haemogregarinidae) infecting Zeus capensis from deep waters off the south and west coast of South Africa. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 86, 1477–1480.Google Scholar
Smit, N. J. and Van As, J. G. (2000). A new species, Gnathia nkulu sp. n. (Crustacea: Isopoda: Gnathiidae) from southern Africa. Folia Parasitologica 47, 235–240.Google Scholar
Smit, N. J., Van As, J. G. and Basson, L. (1999). A redescription of the adult male and praniza of Gnathia africana Barnard, 1914 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Gnathiidae) from southern Africa. Folia Parasitologica 46, 229–240.Google Scholar
Smit, N. J., Eiras, J. C., Ranzani-Paiva, M. J. T. and Davies, A. J. (2002). A Desseria sp. from flathead mullet in South Africa. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 82, 675–676.Google Scholar
Smit, N. J., Van As, J. G. and Davies, A. J. (2003). Taxonomic reevaluation of the South African fish haemogregarine, Desseria fragilis . Journal of Parasitology 89, 151–153.Google Scholar
Smit, N. J., Van As, L. L. and Van As, J. G. (2005). Redescription of Argulus multipocula Barnard, 1955 (Crustacea: Branchiura) collected on the west coast of South Africa. Systematic Parasitology 60, 75–80.Google Scholar
Solonchenko, A. I. (1968). Parasite fauna of Scomber colias from the Atlantic Ocean near the south-western coast of Africa. In Biology of Seas. No. 14. Parasites of Marine Animals (ed. Bodyanitski, V. A.), pp. 90–95. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, Russia.Google Scholar
Ssempa, N. N. (2013). The occurrence of a testicular coccidian Eimeria sardinae (Thélohan, 1820) (Reichenow, 1921) in southern African sardine Sardinops sagax (Jenyns, 1842). Mini-MSc. University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.Google Scholar
Sures, B. (2004). Environmental parasitology: relevancy of parasites in monitoring environmental pollution. Trends in Parasitology 20, 170–177.Google Scholar
Szuks, H., Kamann, U. and Brandt, K. (1975). Zur Parasitierung von Brama raii Bloch, 1791 aus dem nordwesafrikanishchen schelfgebiet. Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Padagogischen Hochschule Güestrow 2, 199–213.Google Scholar
Taraschewski, H., Boomker, J., Knopf, K. and Moravec, F. (2005). Anguillicola papernai (Nematoda: Anguillicolidae) and other helminths parasitizing the African longfin eel Anguilla mossambica . Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 63, 185–195.Google Scholar
Thoney, D. A. and Hargis, W. J. (1991). Juvenile anisakine parasites from the coelacanth Latimeria chahernnae . Environmental Biology of Fishes 32, 281–283.Google Scholar
Toguebaye, B. S., Marcharnd, M. N. and Faye, N. (1989). Preliminary observations on a microsporidian parasite of Chloroscombrus chrysurus Linnaeus, 1776 (Teleost, Fish). Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée 64, 157–160.Google Scholar
Trilles, J. P. (1979). Les Cymothoidae (Isopoda, Flabellifera; parasites des poissons) du Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie de Leiden. II. Afrique, Amérique et régions Indo-ouest-Pacifiques. Zoologische Mededelingen 54, 245–175.Google Scholar
Trilles, J. P. (1986). Les Cymothoidae (Crustacea, Isopoda, Flabellifera) d'Afrique. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris 4, 617–636.Google Scholar
Van As, J. G. and Van As, L. L. (2001). Argulus izintwala n. sp. (Crustacea: Branchiura) from lake St Lucia, South Africa. Systematic Parasitology 48, 75–79.Google Scholar
Van As, J. G., Van Niekerk, J. P. and Olivier, P. A. S. (1999). Description of the previously unknown male of Argulus kosus Avenant-Oldewage, 1994 (Crustacea: Branchiura). Systematic Parasitology 43, 75–80.Google Scholar
van der Lingen, C. D., Weston, L., Ssempa, N. and Reed, C. C. (2014). Incorporating parasite data in population structure studies of South African sardine, Sardinops sagax . Parasitology 141. doi:10.1017/S0031182014000018.Google Scholar
Vassiliades, G. (1975). Nematodes parasites des poissons d'eau douce de la Republique de Senegal. Bulletin de l'Institut Francais d'Afrique Noire 37, 605–618.Google Scholar
Vaughan, D. B. and Chisholm, L. A. (2010 a). Heterocotyle tokoloshei sp. nov. (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) from the gills of Dasyatis brevicaudata (Dasyatidae) kept in captivity at Two Oceans Aquarium, Cape Town, South Africa: description and notes on treatment. Acta Parasitologica 55, 108–114.Google Scholar
Vaughan, D. B. and Chisholm, L. A. (2010 b). A new species of Neoheterocotyle Hargis, 1955 (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) from the gills of Rhinobatos annulatus Müller & Henle (Rhinobatidae) off the southern tip of Africa. Systematic Parasitology 77, 205–213.Google Scholar
Vaughan, D. B. and Chisholm, L. A. (2011). Amendment of Pseudoleptobothrium Young, 1967 (Monogenea, Microbothridae) with the description of Pseudoleptobothrum christisoni sp. nov. from the dermal denticles of Rhinobatos annulatus (Rhinobatidae) off the southern tip of Africa. Acta Parasitologica 56, 280–289.Google Scholar
Vaughan, D. B. and Christison, K. W. (2010). A new species of Myxinidocotyle (Monogenea: Acanthocotylidae: Myxinidocotylinae) from captive sixgill hagfish, Eptatretus hexatrema (Chordata: Myxinidae) with amendment of the subfamily diagnosis. Zootaxa 56, 47–56.Google Scholar
Vaughan, D. B. and Christison, K. W. (2012). Towards addressing the current state of confusion within the Hexabothriidae Price, 1942 (1908): Callorhynchocotyle Suriano and Incorvaia, 1982 (Monogenea: Hexabothriidae) re-visited, with the preliminary evaluation of novel parameters for measuring haptoral armature of hexabothriids. Zootaxa 3229, 1–34.Google Scholar
Vaughan, D. B., Chisholm, L. A. and Christison, K. W. (2008). Overview of South African Dendromonocotyle (Monogenea: Monocotylidae), with descriptions of two new species from stingrays (Dasyatidae) kept in public aquaria. Zootaxa 1826, 26–44.Google Scholar
Vaughan, D. B., Christison, K. W., Hansen, H. and Shinn, A. P. (2010). Gyrodactylus eyipayipi sp. n. (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from Sygnathus acus (Sygnathidae) from South Africa. Folia Parasitologica 57, 11–15.Google Scholar
von der Heyden, S., Lipiński, M. R. and Matthee, C. A. (2007). Mitochondrial DNA analyses of the Cape hakes reveal an expanding, panmictic population for Merluccius capensis and population structuring for mature fish in Merluccius paradoxus . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 42, 517–527.Google Scholar
von der Heyden, S., Lipiński, M. R. and Matthee, C. A. (2010). Remarkably low mtDNA control region diversity in an abundant demersal fish. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 55, 1183–1188.Google Scholar
Webb, S. C. (1990). Pap pilchards and protozoa. South African Shipping News and Fishing Industry Review 45, 35.Google Scholar
Webb, S. C. (1993). The Kudoa story part II: recent advances. South African Shipping News and Fishing Industry Review 48, 24–26.Google Scholar
Weston, L. (2013). Temporal and spatial variability in “Tetracotyle” type metacercariae infection in the South African sardine, Sardinops sagax . Mini-MSc thesis. University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.Google Scholar
Wilson, C. B. (1923). New species of parasitic copepods from southern Africa. Meddelanden från Göteborgs musei Zoologiska avdelning 19, I–II.Google Scholar
Wright, R. V., Lechanteur, Y. A. R. G., Prochazka, K. and Griffiths, C. L. (2001). Infection of hottentot Pachymetopon blochii by the fish louse Anilocra capensis (Crustacea: Isopoda) in False Bay, South Africa. African Zoology 36, 177–183.Google Scholar
Yeld, E. M. (2006). Parasite assemblages of three endemic catshark species from the West and South coasts of South Africa. Ph.D. thesis. University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.Google Scholar
Yeld, E. M. and Smit, N. J. (2006). A new species of Trypanosoma (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) infecting catsharks from South Africa. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 86, 829–833.Google Scholar