Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-qsmjn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T08:25:25.398Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Prophylactic potential of autoclaved Leishmania donovani with BCG against experimental visceral leishmaniasis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 October 2003

J. K. SRIVASTAVA ,
A. MISRA ,
P. SHARMA ,
B. SRIVASTAVA ,
S. NAIK  and
A. DUBE
J. K. SRIVASTAVA
Affiliation:
Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, PO Box 173, Lucknow-226001, India
A. MISRA
Affiliation:
Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, PO Box 173, Lucknow-226001, India
P. SHARMA
Affiliation:
Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, PO Box 173, Lucknow-226001, India
B. SRIVASTAVA
Affiliation:
Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, PO Box 173, Lucknow-226001, India
S. NAIK
Affiliation:
Department of Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow-226014, India
A. DUBE
Affiliation:
Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, PO Box 173, Lucknow-226001, India
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The prophylactic efficacy of autoclaved Leishmania donovani (ALD) and autoclaved L. major (ALM) – a heterologous vaccine developed against cutaneous leishmaniasis (used as a reference vaccine), along with BCG – was evaluated against L. donovani in hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Animals were immunized with triple doses (21 days apart) of either ALD or ALM (1·0 mg) with or without BCG (0·1 mg) and challenged 21 days later with 1×106L. donovani amastigotes intracardially. Animals immunized with ALM+BCG and ALD+BCG yielded 94·3% and 86·1% parasite inhibition respectively in comparison to the BCG only and unvaccinated controls. Fifty and 33·3% of the vaccinated animals (ALM+BCG and ALD+BCG respectively) were completely devoid of parasites when tested on day 45 post-challenge (p.c.) and survived till the experiment was terminated. The mean survival of ALM+BCG and ALD+BCG groups (animals harbouring parasites) was longest (168 and 139 days respectively). No significant increase in anti-leishmanial antibody level (ELISA) was noticed in ALD+BCG and ALM+BCG groups whereas it increased progressively in the rest of the experimental groups. The lymphoproliferative responses to PHA and Con A, of the 2 vaccinated groups were comparable to that of normal controls on day 45 p.c. The study suggests that ALD along with BCG can offer substantial protection against visceral leishmaniasis in hamsters.

Keywords

vaccinationvisceral leishmaniasisautoclaved L. majorautoclaved L. donovanihamster
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 127 , Issue 2 , August 2003 , pp. 107 - 114
Copyright
2003 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

AFONSO, L. C., SCHARTON, T. M., VIEIRA, L. Q., WYSOCKA, M., TRINCHIERI, G. & SCOTT, P. (1994). The adjuvant effect of interleukin-12 in a vaccine against Leishmania major. Science 263, 235–237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ALEXANDER, J. (1988). Chemotherapy and immune response. In Leishmaniasis: The Current Status and New Strategies for Control: NATO-ASI Series A., Vol. 163 (ed. Hart, D. T.), pp. 839–843. Plenum Press, New York.
ARMIJOS, R. X., WEIGEL, M. M., AVILES, H., MALDONADO, R. & RACINES, J. (1998). Field trial of a vaccine against New World Cutaneous leishmaniasis in an at-risk child population. Safety, immunogencity, and efficacy during the first 12 months of follow-up. Journal of Infectious Diseases 177, 1352–1357.Google Scholar
BADARO, R., JONES, T. C., CARVALHO, E. M., SAMPAIO, D., REED, S. G., BARRAL, A., TEIXEIRA, R. & JOHNSON, jrW. D. (1986). New perspectives on a subclinical form of visceral leishmaniasis. Journal of Infectious Diseases 154, 1003–1011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BERGER, B. J. & FAIRLAMB, A. H. (1992). Interaction between immunity and chemotherapy in the treatment of trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis. Parasitology 105, S71–S78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BRETSCHER, P. A., ISMAIL, N., MENON, J. N., POWAR, C. A., UZONNA, J. & WEI, G. (2001). Vaccination against and treatment of tuberculosis, the leishmaniasis and AIDS: Perspectives from basic immunology and immunity to chronic intracellular infections (Review). Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 58, 1879–1896.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CARVALHO, E. M., BACELLAR, O., BROWNELL, C., REGIS, T., COFFMAN, R. L. & REED, S. G. (1994). Restoration of IFN-γ production and lymphocyte proliferation in visceral leishmaniasis. Journal of Immunology 152, 5949–5956.Google Scholar
CARVALHO, E. M., BADARO, R., REED, S., JONES, T. C. & JOHNSON, W. D. (1985). Absence of gamma-interferon and interleukin-2 production during active visceral leishmaniasis. Journal of Clinical Investigation 76, 2066–2069.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CASTES, M., BLACKWELL, J., TRUJILLO, D., FORMICA, S., CABRERA, M., ZORRILLA, G., RODAS, A., CASTELLANOS, P. L. & CONVIT, J. (1994). Immune response in healthy volunteers vaccinated with killed leishmanial promastigotes plus BCG I. Skin-test reactivity T-cell prolfieration and interferon-γ production. Vaccine 12, 1041–1051.Google Scholar
CHOUDHURY, A., GURU, P. Y., SAXENA, R. P., TANDON, A. & SAXENA, K. C. (1990). Enzyme linked immunosorbant assay in diagnosis of kala-azar in Bhadohi (Varanasi) India. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 84, 363–367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DUBE, A., SHARMA, P., SRIVASTAVA, J. K., MISRA, A. & KATIYAR, J. C. (1998). Vaccination of langur monkeys (Presbytis entellus) against Leishmania donovani with autoclaved L. major plus BCG. Parasitology 116, 219–221.Google Scholar
DUBE, A., SRIVASTAVA, J. K., SHARMA, P., CHATURVEDI, A., KATIYAR, J. C. & NAIK, S. (1999). Leishmania donovani: cellular and humoral immune responses in Indian langur monkeys Presbytus entellus. Acta Tropica 73, 37–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FLESCH, I. E., HESS, J. H., HUANG, S., AGUET, M., ROTHE, J., BLUETHMANN, H. & KAUFMANN, S. H. (1995). Early interleukin 12 production by macrophages in response to mycobacterial infection depends on interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Journal of Experimental Medicine 181, 1615–1621.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FROMMEL, D. & LAGRANGE, P. H. (1989). BCG: A modifier of immune responses to parasites. Parasitology Today 5, 188–189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
GICHERU, M. M., OLOBO, J. O., ANJILI, C. O., ORAGO, A. S., MODABBER, F. & SCOTT, P. (2001). Vervet monkeys vaccinated with killed Leishmania major parasites and interleukin-12 develop a type-1 immune response but are not protected against challenge infection. Infection and Immunity 69, 245–251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
GICHERU, M. M., OLOBO, J. O. & ANJILI, C. O. (1997). Heterologous protection by Leishmania donovani for Leishmania major infection in Vervet Monkey model of the disease. Experimental Parasitology 85, 109–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
GREENBLATT, C. L. (1980). The present and future of vaccination for cutaneous leishmaniasis. In New Developments with Human and Veterinary Vaccines Progress in Clinical and Biological Research47, (ed. Mizrahi, A., Hertman, I., Klingerg, M. A. & Kohn, A.), pp. 259–285. Alan R Liss, New York, New York.
GUPTA, S., SRIVASTAVA, J. K., RAY, S., CHANDRA, R., SRIVASTAVA, V. K. & KATIYAR, J. C. (1993). Evaluation of enzyme linked immunosorbant assay in the diagnosis of kala-azar in Malda district (West Bengal). Indian Journal of Medical Research 97, 242–246.Google Scholar
HANDMAN, E. (2001). Leishmaniasis: current status of vaccine development. Clinical Microbiology Review 14, 229–243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HO, M., SINGOK, T. K., LYERLY, W. & SMITH, D. (1982). Prevalence and disease spectrum in a new focus of visceral leishmaniasis in Kenya. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 76, 741–746.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HOWARD, J. G. & LIEW, F. Y. (1984). Mechanisms of acquired immunity in leishmaniasis. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, B 307, 87–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
JHA, T. K., OLLIARO, P., THAKUR, C. P. N., SINGH, I. J., SINGH, N. K. P., AKHOURI, S. & JHA, S. (1998). Randomised controlled trial of aminosidine (paromomycin) vs sodium stibogluconate for treating visceral leishmaniasis in North Bihar, India. British Medical Journal 361, 1200–1205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
KHALIL, E. A. G., EL-HASSAN, A. M., ZIJLSTRA, E. E., MUKHTAR, M. M., GHALIB, H. W., MUSA, B., IBRAHIM, M. S., KAMIL, A. A., EHSHEIKH, M., BABIKER, A. & MODABBER, F. (2000). Autoclaved Leishmania major vaccine for prevention of visceral leishmaniasis: a randomized, double-blind, BCG-controlled trial in Sudan. Lancet 356, 1565–1569.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LAGRANDERIE, M. R., BALAZUC, A. M., DERIAUD, E., LECLERC, C. D. & GHEORGHIU, M. (1996). Comparison of immune responses of mice immunized with five different Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine strains. Infection and Immunity 64, 1–9.Google Scholar
LOWRY, O. H., ROSEBROUGH, N. J., FARR, A. L. & RANDALL, R. J. (1951). Protein measurement with folin-phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry 193, 265–275.Google Scholar
MAUEL, J. (2002). Vaccination against leishmania infections. Current Drug Targets–Immune, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders 2, 201–226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MAYRINK, W., WILLIAMS, P., DACOSTA, C. A., MAGALHAES, P. A., MELO, M. N., DIAS, M., LIMA, A. O., MICHALICK, M. S. M., CARVALHO, E. F., BARROS, G. C., SESSA, P. A. & DE ALENCAR, J. T. A. (1985). An experimental vaccine against American dermal leishmaniasis: experience in the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 79, 259–269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MISRA, A., DUBE, A., SHARMA, P., SRIVASTAVA, J. K., SRIVASTAVA, B., KATIYAR, J. C. & NAIK, S. (2001). Successful vaccination against Leishmania donovani infection in Indian langurs using Alum-precipitated autoclaved L. major (ALM) with BCG. Vaccine 19, 3485–3492.Google Scholar
MITCHELL, G. F. & HANDMAN, E. (1987). Heterologous protection in murine cutaneous leishmaniasis. Immunology and Cell Biology 65, 387–392.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MOMENI, A. Z., JALAYER, T., EMAMJOMEH, M., KHAMESIPOUR, A., ZICKER, F., GHASSEMI, R. L., DOWLATI, Y., SHARIFI, I., AMINJAVAHERI, M., SHAFIEI, A., ALIMOHAMMADIAN, M. H., FESHARKI, R. H., NASSERI, K., GODAL, T., SMITH, P. G. & MODABBER, F. (1998). A randomised, double-blind controlled trial of a killed Leishmania major plus BCG against zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran. Vaccine 17, 466–472.Google Scholar
NURIT, R. & JAFFE, C. L. (1993). Pure protein from Leishmania donovani protects mice against both cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. Journal of Immunology 150, 2322–2331.Google Scholar
REZAI, H. R., ARDEHALI, S. M., ALMIRHAKIMI, G. & KHARAZMI, A. (1978). Immunological features of kala-azar. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 27, 1079–1083.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SHARMA, P., ANURADHA, SRIVASTAVA, J. K., GUPTA, H. P. & KATIYAR, J. C. (1998). Immunization against Leishmania donovani: efficacy of Mycobacterium habana in combination with killed promastigotes in hamsters. Current Science 70, 770–773.Google Scholar
SUNDAR, S., SINGH, V. P., SHARMA, S., MAKHARIA, M. K. & MURRAY, H. W. (1997). Response to interferon-γ plus pentavalent antimony in Indian visceral leishmaniasis. Journal of Infectious Diseases 176, 1117–1119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
THAKUR, C. P. (1993). Kala-azar background paper, Status paper on kala-azar in Bihar. Core Group Discussion on Kala-Azar Control in India. 24–25 September, 1993.Google Scholar
VOLLER, A., BIDWELL, D. E. & BARTLETT, A. (1979). The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA): a Guide with Abstracts of Microplate Application. Fileroline Press, Guernsey, Channel Islands.
WHO (1998). Advances in battle against leishmaniasis. TDR News 34, 1–7.