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Predation on transmission stages reduces parasitism: sea anemones consume transmission stages of a barnacle parasite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 March 2017

CAITLIN R. FONG Open the ORCID record for CAITLIN R. FONG [Opens in a new window]  and
ARMAND M. KURIS
CAITLIN R. FONG*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA 91330, USA
ARMAND M. KURIS
Affiliation:
Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
*
*Corresponding author: Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA 91330, USA. E-mail: cat.r.fong@gmail.com
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Summary

While parasites serve as prey, it is unclear how the spatial distribution of parasite predators provides transmission control and influences patterns of parasitism. Because many of its organisms are sessile, the rocky intertidal zone is a valuable but little used system to understand spatial patterns of parasitism and elucidate the underlying mechanisms driving these patterns. Sea anemones and barnacles are important space competitors in the rocky intertidal zone along the Pacific coast of North America. Anemones are voracious, indiscriminate predators; thus, they may intercept infectious stages of parasites before they reach a host. We investigate whether a sea anemone protects an associated barnacle from parasitism by Hemioniscus balani, an isopod parasitic castrator. At Coal Oil Point, Santa Barbara, California USA, 29% of barnacles were within 1 cm from an anemone at the surveyed tidal height. Barnacles associated with anemones had reduced parasite prevalence and higher reproductive productivity than those remote from sea anemones. In the laboratory, anemones readily consumed the transmission stage of the parasite. Hence, anemone consumption of parasite transmission stages may provide a mechanism by which community context regulates parasite prevalence at a local scale. Our results suggest predation may be an important process providing parasite transmission control.

Keywords

spatial epidemiologyChthamalus fissusHemioniscus balaniAnthopleura elegantissimaanemoneparasitic castratordilutiondiversitybarnaclerocky intertidal zone
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 144 , Issue 7 , June 2017 , pp. 917 - 922
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

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