Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-9pm4c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T04:59:55.323Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Population genetics and the detection of immunogenic and drug-resistant loci in Plasmodium

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 March 2010

I. M Hastings
I. M Hastings
Affiliation:
Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Host immunity will result in increased homozygosity at immunogenic loci if they encode products that elicit allele-specific immune responses. This increased homozygosity can be detected by comparison to ‘neutral’ (i. e. unselected) loci in the same genome which act as controls for the various epidemiological factors, such as biting rate, which affect homozygosity. Numerical results suggest that homozygosity should be 20 to 500 % higher at immunogenic loci, a result which is robust to changes in host death rate and the degree of linkage between the immunogenic and neutral loci. The same logic applies to loci which encode drug resistance: treated individuals with resistant infections will transmit zygotes homozygous for the resistance allele. It is argued that this increased homozygosity at putative immunogenic loci can act as a diagnostic feature to test using field data. The method also serves as a potentially very powerful method of identifying immunogenic and drug-resistant loci in laboratory studies of species such as the murine malaria Plasmodium chabaudi.

Keywords

immunogenicdrug resistantPlasmodiumpopulation genetics
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 112 , Issue 2 , February 1996 , pp. 155 - 164
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, R. M. & May, R. M. (1992). Infectious Diseases of Humans. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Babiker, H. A., Ranford-Cartwright, L. C., Currie, D., Charlewood, J. D., Billingsley, P., Teuscher, T. & Walliker, D. (1994). Random mating in a natural population of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Parasitology 109, 413–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, R. & McGregore, I. A. (1973). Enzyme variation in Plasmodium falciparum in The Gambia. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 67, 830–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crow, J. F. (1986). Basic Concepts in Population, Quantitative and Evolutionary Genetics. New York: W. H. Freeman.Google Scholar
Crow, J. F. & Kimura, K. (1970). An Introduction to Population Genetics Theory. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Crowley, P. H. (1992). Resampling methods for computation-intensive data analysis in ecology and evolution. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 23, 405–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fincham, J. R. S. (1983) Genetics. Bristol: John Wright & Sons Ltd.Google Scholar
Gupta, S., Swinton, J. & Anderson, R. M. (1994a). Theoretical studies of the effects of heterogeneity in the parasite population on the transmission dynamics of malaria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B 256, 231–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gupta, S., Trenholme, K., Anderson, R. M. & Day, K. P. (1994b). Antigenic diversity and the transmission dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum. Science 264, 961–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartl, D. L. & Clark, A. G. (1989). Principles of Population Genetics, 2nd edn. Sunderland, USA: Sinaucr Associates.Google Scholar
Hill, W. G. F., Babiker, H. A., Ranford-Cartwright, L. C. & Walliker, D. (1995). Estimation of inbreeding coefficients from genotype data on multiple alleles, and application to estimation of clonality in malarial parasites. Genetical Research 65, 53–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lander, E. S. & Botstein, D. (1989). Mapping Medelian factors underlying quantitative traits using RFLP linkage maps. Genetics 121, 185–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ranford-Cartwright, L. C., Balfe, P., Carter, R. & Walliker, D. (1991). Genetic hybrids of Plasmodium falciparum identified by amplification of genomic DNA from single oocysts. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 49, 239–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Dongen, S. & Backeljau, T. (1995). One- and two-sample tests for single-locus inbreeding coefficients using the bootstrap. Heredity 74, 129–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weir, B. w. (1990) Genetic Data Analysis Sunderland, USA: Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar
Weir, B. S. & Cockerham, C. C. (1984). Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure. Evolution 38, 1358–70.Google ScholarPubMed