Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-8bljj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-22T14:48:56.705Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Lizard malaria: cost to vertebrate host's reproductive success

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

J. J. Schall
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA

Summary

Plasmodium mexicanum is a common malarial parasite of the western fence lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis, in northern California, USA. Infected female lizards store substantially less fat during the summer activity season and produce smaller clutches of eggs than do non-infected animals. Stored fat is utilized in the production of eggs; the energy content of the decrement in stored fat is approximately equal to the energy content of the average reduction in number of eggs. Thus, there is ongoing strong selective pressure on the host to evolve appropriate anti-parasite measures.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1983

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Ayala, S. C. (1970). Lizard malaria in California; description of a strain of Plasmodium mexicanum, and biogeography of lizard malaria in western North America. Journal of Parasitology 56, 417–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ayala, S. C. (1977). Plasmodia of reptiles. In Parasitic Protozoa, Vol. III; Gregarines, Haemo-gregarines, Coccidia, Plasmodia, and Haemoproteids (ed. Kreier, J. P.), pp. 267309. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Ballinger, R. E. & Clark, D. R. (1973). Energy content of lizard eggs and the measurement of reproductive effort. Journal of Herpetology 7, 129–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burnet, F. M. (1962). Natural History of Infectious Disease. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Congdon, J. D., Vitt, L. J. & Hadley, N. F. (1978). Parental investment: Comparative reproductive energetics in bisexual and unisexual lizards, genus Cnemidophorus. American Naturalist 112, 509–21.Google Scholar
Hahn, W. E. & Tinkle, D. W. (1965). Fat body cycling and experimental evidence for its adaptive significance to ovarian follicle development in the lizard Uta stansburiana. Journal of Experimental Zoology 158, 7986.Google Scholar
Manwell, R. D. (1955). Some evolutionary possibilities in the history of malaria parasites. Indian Journal of Malariology 9, 247–53.Google ScholarPubMed
Schall, J. J. (1978). Reproductive strategies in sympatric whiptail lizards (Cnemidophorus): Two parthenogenetic and three bisexual species. Copeia 1978, 108–16.Google Scholar
Schall, J. J. (1982). Lizard malaria: parasite-host ecology. In Lizard Ecology: Studies on a Model Organism (ed. Huey, R. B., Pianka, E. R. and Schoener, T. W.) (in the Press). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Schall, J. J., Bennett, A. F. & Putman, R. W. (1982). Lizards infected with malaria: Physiological and behavioural consequences. Science 217, 1057–9.Google Scholar
Seed, T. M. & Manwell, R. D. (1977). Plasmodia of birds. In Parasitic Protozoa Vol. Ill; Gregarines, Haemogregarines, Coccidia, Plasmodia and Haemoproteids (ed. Kreier, J. P.), pp. 311–57. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Tinkle, D. W. & Hadley, N. F. (1973). Reproductive effort and winter activity in the viviparous montane lizard Sceloporus jarrovi. Copeia 1973, 272–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tinkle, D. W. & Hadley, N.F. (1975). Lizard reproductive effort: Caloric estimates and comments on its evolution. Ecology 56, 427–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vitt, L. J. (1974). Reproductive effort and energy comparisons of adults, eggs, and neonates of Gerrhonotus coeruleus principis. Journal of Herpetology 8, 165–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vitt, L. J. & Ohmart, R. D. (1975). Ecology, reproduction, and reproductive effort of the iguanid lizard Urosaurus graciosus on the lower Colorado River. Herpetologica 31, 5665.Google Scholar
White, A., Handler, P. & Smith, F. L. (1964). Principles of Biochemistry. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar