Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-vvkck Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T18:20:16.542Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A laboratory study on the effect of Paraiotonchium autumnale parasitism on the longevity of Musca autumnalis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 July 2012

HANAYO ARIMOTO ,
HARRY K. KAYA  and
EDWIN E. LEWIS
HANAYO ARIMOTO*
Affiliation:
University of California, Davis, Department of Entomology, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, USA
HARRY K. KAYA
Affiliation:
University of California, Davis, Department of Entomology, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, USA
EDWIN E. LEWIS
Affiliation:
University of California, Davis, Department of Entomology, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, USA
*
*Corresponding author: Tel:+530 752 2592. Fax: +415 564 1392. E-mail: harimoto@ucdavis.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Paraiotonchium autumnale (Nickle) (Tylenchida: Iotonchiidae) causes parasitic sterilization in female Musca autumnalis DeGeer (Diptera: Muscidae). In addition to sterilization, P. autumnale causes physiological and behavioural changes within its host. However, there have been no records of reduced host lifespan in this system. Studies were conducted in 2009 and 2010 with wild M. autumnalis collected as larvae from cow dung pats from Browns Valley, California, USA. Field-collected larvae were reared to adulthood and flies of the same eclosion dates were caged together, regardless of whether or not they were parasitized. Dead flies were collected daily, and parasitism status was confirmed by dissection. Due to the very different effects of P. autumnale-parasitism on male versus female face flies, flies were analysed separately by sex. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a non-significant difference in longevity between non-parasitized and parasitized flies for female and male flies in 2009. In 2010, however, significant differences (P < 0·05) were found between parasitized and non-parasitized female and male flies. In 2010, the median time to death for non-parasitized female flies was 20 days and 15 days for parasitized females. The 2010 median survival time for non-parasitized male flies was 33 days and 15 days for parasitized males. This is a parasite-mediated cost to the host that has not been recorded previously. Based on our results and results from another published study we suggest that the potential for sterilizing parasites to alter host longevity is condition dependent.

Keywords

Musca autumnalisParaiotonchium autumnaleparasitic sterilizationhost longevity
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 139 , Issue 12 , October 2012 , pp. 1580 - 1586
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Anderson, R. M. and May, R. M. (1978). Regulation and stability of host-parasite population interactions: I. Regulatory processes. Journal of Animal Ecology 47, 219–247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baudoin, M. (1975). Host castration as a parasitic strategy. Evolution 29, 335–352.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blanford, S., Pugh, T. C. and Pell, J. K. (2003). Temperature checks the Red Queen? Resistance and virulence in a fluctuating environment. Ecology Letters 6, 2–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bormann, I. (2010). DigitizeIt. URL http://www.digitizeit.de.Google Scholar
Butler, S. M., Moon, R. D., Hinkle, N. C., Millar, J. G., McElfresh, J. S. and Mullens, B. A. (2009). Characterization of age and cuticular hydrocarbon variation in mating pairs of house fly, Musca domestica, collected in the field. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 23, 426–442.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chirico, J. (1990). Sex ratio, emergence and infection rates of Heterotylenchus-exposed Musca autumnalis (Diptera: Muscidae). The Journal of Parasitology 76, 124–127.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chirico, J. (1994). A comparison of sampling methods with respect to cattle visiting Muscidae and their nematode infections. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 8, 214–218.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Druilhe, P., Hagan, P. and Rook, G. A. W. (2002). The importance of models of infection in the study of disease resistance. Trends in Microbiology 10, S38–S46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ebert, D. and Hamilton, W. H. (1996). Sex against virulence: the coevolution of parasitic diseases. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 11, 79–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Geden, C. J. (1997). Evaluation of Paraiotonchium muscadomesticae (Nematoda: Tylenchida: Iotonchiidae), a potential biological control agent of the housefly (Diptera: Muscidae). Biological Control 10, 42–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenham, P. M. (1972). The effects of the variability of cattle dung on the multiplication of the Bushfly (Musca vetustissima Walker). Journal of Animal Ecology 4, 153–165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hurd, H., Warr, E. and Polward, A. (2001). A parasite that increases host lifespan. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B 268, 1749–1753.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jaenike, J., Benway, H. and Stevens, G. (1995). Parasite-induced mortality in mycophagous Drosophila. Ecology 76, 383–391.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaya, H. K. and Moon, R. D. (1978). The nematode Heterotylenchus autumnalis and face fly Musca autumnalis: A field study in Northern California. Journal of Nematology 10, 333–341.Google ScholarPubMed
Kaya, H. K. and Moon, R. D. (1980). Influence of protein in the diet of face fly on the development of its nematode parasite, Heterotylenchus autumnalis. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 73, 547–552.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaya, H. K., Moon, R. D. and Witt, P. L. (1979). Influence of the nematode, Heterotylenchus autumnalis, on the behavior of face fly, Musca autumnalis. Environmental Entomology 8, 537–540.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krafsur, E. S., Moon, R. D. and Kaya, H. K. (1985). Age structure of breeding face fly populations (Diptera: Muscidae). Environmental Entomology 14, 590–596.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krafsur, E. S., Moon, R. D. and Kim, Y. (1995). Age structure and reproductive composition of summer Musca autumnalis (Diptera: Muscidae) populations estimated by pterin concentrations. Journal of Medical Entomology 32, 685–696.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krafsur, E. S., Church, C. J., Elvin, M. K. and Ernst, C. M. (1983). Epizootiology of Heterotylenchus autumnalis (Nematoda) among face flies (Diptera: Muscidae) in central Iowa, USA. Journal of Medical and Veterinary Entomology 20, 318–324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lafferty, K. D. and Kuris, A. M. (2009). Parasitic castration: the evolution and ecology of body snatchers. Trends in Parasitology 25, 564–572.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lazzaro, B. P. and Little, T. J. (2009). Immunity in a variable world. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, B 364, 15–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
May, R. M. and Anderson, R. M. (1978). Regulation and stability of host-parasite population interactions: II. Destabilizing processes. Journal of Animal Ecology 47, 249–267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moon, R. D. and Kaya, H. K. (1981). A comparison of methods for assessing age structure and abundance in populations of nondiapausing female Musca autumnalis (Diptera: Muscidae). Journal of Medical Entomology 18, 289–297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moon, R. D. and Krafsur, E. S. (1995). Pterin quantity and gonotrophic stage as indicators of age in adult face flies, Musca autumnalis (Diptera: Muscidae). Journal of Medical Entomology 32, 673–684.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nappi, A. J. (1973). Effects of parasitization by the nematode, Heterotylenchus autumnalis, on mating and oviposition in the host, Musca autumnalis. The Journal of Parasitology 59, 963–969.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nickle, W. R. (1967). Heterotylenchus autumnalis sp. n. (Nematoda: Sphaerulariidae), a parasite of the face fly, Musca autumnalis De Geer. The Journal of Parasitology 53, 398–401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Obrebski, S. (1975). Parasite reproductive strategy and evolution of castration of hosts by parasites. Science 188, 1314–1316.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Poulin, R. (1996). Sexual inequalities in helminth infections. A cost of being a male? The American Naturalist 147, 287–295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, J. V. and Combs, R. L. (1976). Incidence and effect of Heterotylenchus autumnalis on the longevity of face flies in Mississippi. Journal of Economic Entomology 69, 722–724.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
SAS, (2010). JMP 9 for Mac. SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA.Google Scholar
Stoffolano, J. G. (1967). The synchronization of the life cycle of diapausing face flies, Musca autumnalis, and of the nematode, Heterotylenchus autumnalis. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 9, 395–397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stoffolano, J. G. (1970). Parasitism of Heterotylenchus autumnalis Nickle (Nematoda: Sphaerulariidae) to the face fly, Musca autumnalis De Geer (Diptera: Muscidae). Journal of Nematology 2, 324–329.Google Scholar
Stoffolano, J. G. and Streams, F. A. (1971). Host reactions of Musca domestica, Orthellia caesarion, and Ravinia i'herminieri to the nematode Heterotylenchus autumnalis. Parasitology 63, 195–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teskey, H. G. (1969). On the behaviour and ecology of the face fly, Musca autumnalis (Diptera:Muscidae). The Canadian Entomologist 101, 561–576.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, E. C. and Hair, J. A. (1967). Effect of diet on longevity and fecundity of laboratory reared face flies. Journal of Economic Entomology 60, 857–860.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolinska, J. and King, K. C. (2009). Environment can alter selection in host-parasite interactions. Trends in Parasitology 26, 236–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar