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Infection by Trypanosoma cruzi in the central nervous system in non-human mammals: a systematic review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 March 2019

Evaristo Villalba-Alemán ,
Mariáurea Matias Sarandy ,
Mônica Morais-Santos ,
Rômulo Dias Novaes Open the ORCID record for Rômulo Dias Novaes [Opens in a new window]  and
Reggiani Vilela Gonçalves Open the ORCID record for Reggiani Vilela Gonçalves [Opens in a new window]
Evaristo Villalba-Alemán
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Mariáurea Matias Sarandy
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Mônica Morais-Santos
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Rômulo Dias Novaes
Affiliation:
Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Reggiani Vilela Gonçalves*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
*
Author for correspondence: Vilela Gonçalves, E-mail: reggiani.goncalves@ufv.br
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Abstract

Currently, the types and distribution of the lesions induced in the central nervous system (CNS) by Trypanosoma cruzi remain unclear as the available evidence is based on fragmented data. Therefore, we developed a systematic review to analyse the main characteristics of the CNS lesions in non-human hosts infected. From a structured search on the PubMed/Medline and Scopus platforms, 32 studies were retrieved, subjected to data extraction and methodological bias analysis. Our results show that the most frequent alterations in the CNS are the presence of different forms of T. cruzi and intense lymphocytes infiltrates. The encephalon is the main target of T. cruzi, and inflammatory changes in the CNS are more frequent and severe in the acute phase of infection. The parasite's genotype and phenotype are associated with the tropism and severity of the CNS lesions. The methodological limitations found in the studies were divergences in inoculation pathways, under-reporting of animal age and weight, sample calculation strategies and histopathological characterization. Since the changes were dependent on the pathogenicity and virulence of the T. cruzi strains, the genotype and phenotype characterization of the parasite are extremely relevant to predict changes in the CNS and the neurological manifestations associated with Chagas’ disease.

Keywords

Chagas diseaseencephalongenotypesspinal cordTrypanosoma cruzi
Type
Review Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 146 , Issue 8 , July 2019 , pp. 983 - 1005
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019 

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