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Environmental constraints influencing survival of an African parasite in a north temperate habitat: effects of temperature on egg development

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 April 2011

R. C. TINSLEY ,
J. E. YORK ,
A. L. E. EVERARD ,
L. C. STOTT ,
S. J. CHAPPLE  and
M. C. TINSLEY
R. C. TINSLEY*
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK
J. E. YORK
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK
A. L. E. EVERARD
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK
L. C. STOTT
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK
S. J. CHAPPLE
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK
M. C. TINSLEY
Affiliation:
School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
*
*Corresponding author: School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK. E-mail: r.c.tinsley@bristol.ac.uk
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Summary

Factors affecting survival of parasites introduced to new geographical regions include changes in environmental temperature. Protopolystoma xenopodis is a monogenean introduced with the amphibian Xenopus laevis from South Africa to Wales (probably in the 1960s) where low water temperatures impose major constraints on life-cycle processes. Effects were quantified by maintenance of eggs from infections in Wales under controlled conditions at 10, 12, 15, 18, 20 and 25°C. The threshold for egg viability/ development was 15°C. Mean times to hatching were 22 days at 25°C, 32 days at 20°C, extending to 66 days at 15°C. Field temperature records provided calibration of transmission schedules. Although egg production continues year-round, all eggs produced during >8 months/ year die without hatching. Output contributing significantly to transmission is restricted to 10 weeks (May–mid-July). Host infection, beginning after a time lag of 8 weeks for egg development, is also restricted to 10 weeks (July–September). Habitat temperatures (mean 15·5°C in summer 2008) allow only a narrow margin for life-cycle progress: even small temperature increases, predicted with ‘global warming’, enhance infection. This system provides empirical data on the metrics of transmission permitting long-term persistence of isolated parasite populations in limiting environments.

Keywords

alien species introductionsXenopusProtopolystomaMonogeneatemperaturedevelopmentglobal warming
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 138 , Issue 8 , July 2011 , pp. 1029 - 1038
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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