Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-vfjqv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T05:48:40.325Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Energy utilization of infective Ancylostoma tubaeforme larvae

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

Neil A. Croll
Neil A. Croll
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology and Applied Entomology, Imperial College, London University, London, S. W. 7
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

It has been demonstrated that under prolonged experimental conditions lipid is utilized most quickly under optimal conditions of tonicity, gaseous exchange, pH and sensory stimulation. There is good evidence that activity may be an appreciable energy-consuming process. It has been deduced, however, that the low Reynold's number means viscous forces dominate locomotory energy consumption, and work done is proportional to the square of the velocity. Osmoregulation in hypotonic media and tolerance of hypertonic media do not require appreciable energy.

Locomotion is only possible in limited environmental conditions, and these may also be conditions of peak basal metabolism. Larvae are able to enter quiescence which is not energy-demanding, in poor conditions. Larvae can survive anaerobiasis, but finally die without reduction in lipid and cannot convert lipid to carbohydrate for anaerobic metabolism.

The help of Mrs Helen Foreman in staining the larvae and for statistical analyses, and of Mr J. M. Smith is greatly appreciated. I would like to thank Dr Elizabeth U. Canning for kindly providing the microdensitometer and Professor G. S. Nelson and Dr D. A. Denham for enabling us to establish A. tubaeforme in our cats. The generous support of the British Medical Research Council is much appreciated.

Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 64 , Issue 3 , June 1972 , pp. 355 - 368
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1972

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Barrett, J., (1968). Lipids of the infective and parasitic stages of some nematodes. Nature, London 218, 1267–8.Google Scholar
Barrett, J., (1969 a). The effect of ageing on the metabolism of the infective larvae of Strongyloides ratti, Sandground, 1925. Parasitology 59, 3–17.Google Scholar
Barrett, J., (1969 b). The effect of physical factors on the rate of respiration of the infective larvae of Strongyloides ratti. Parasitology 59, 859–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bhatt, B. D., & Rohde, R. A., (1970). The influence of environmental factors on the respiration of plant-parasitic nematodes. Journal of Nematology 2, 277–85.Google ScholarPubMed
Clark, F. E., (1969). Ancylostoma caninum food reserves and changes in chemical composition with age in third stage larvae. Experimental Parasitology 24, 1–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Costello, L. C., & Grollman, S., (1958). Oxygen requirements of Strongyloides papillosus infective larvae. Experimental Parasitology 7, 312–27.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Croll, N. A., (1970 a). Sensory basis of activation in nematodes. Experimental Parasitology 27, 350–6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Croll, N. A., (1970 b). The Behaviour of Nematodes: Their Senses and Responses. London: Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
Croll, N. A., (1972). Feeding and lipid synthesis in Ancylostoma tubaeforme preinfective larvae. Parasitology 64, 369–78.Google Scholar
Croll, N. A., & Viglierohio, D. R., (1969). Osmoregulation and the uptake of ions in a marine nematode. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 36, 1–9.Google Scholar
Eckert, J., (1967). Zur Physiologic invasionsfähiger Larvender Trichostrongylidae. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 29, 209–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fernando, M. A., (1963). Metabolism in hookworms. I. Observations on the oxidative metabolism of free-living third-stage larvae of Necator americanus. Experimental Parasitology 13, 90–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hale, L. J., (1965). Biological Laboratory Data, 2nd ed.London: Methuen.Google Scholar
Haley, A. J., & Carleton, M. C., (1960). Age and infectivity of the filariform larvae of the rat nematode, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Travossos), 1914. Journal of Parasitology 46, 579–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lamb, H., (1932). Hydrodynamics, 6th ed.Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Nicoll, W., (1917). Observations on the influence of salt and other agents in modifying the larval development of the hookworms Ankylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus. Parasitology 9, 157–89.Google Scholar
Odei, M. A., (1969). Locomotory responses of Trichonema (Nematoda) larvae. Ph.D. thesis, London University.Google Scholar
Overgaard Nielsen, C., (1961). Respiratory metabolism of some populations of enchytraeid worms and free living nematodes. Oikos 12, 17–35.Google Scholar
Passey, R. F., & Fairbairn, D., (1957). The conversion of fat to carbohydrate during embryonation of Ascaris lumbricoides eggs. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology 35, 511–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearse, A. G. E., (1960). Histochemistry: Theoretical and Applied. London: Churchill Ltd.Google Scholar
Rogers, W. P., (1939). The physiological ageing of ancylostome larvae. Journal of Helminthology 17, 195–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogers, W. P., (1940). The physiological ageing of the infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus. Journal of Helminthology 18, 183–92.Google Scholar
Saz, H. J., (1969). Carbohydrate and energy metabolism of nematodes and acanthocephala. In Chemical Zoology, vol. 3 (ed. Florkin, M. and Scheer, B. T), pp. 329–60. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Santmyer, P. H., (1956). Studies on the metabolism of Panagrellus redivivus (Nematoda, Cephalobidae). Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 23, 30–6.Google Scholar
Schwabe, C. W., (1957). Observations on the respiration of free-living and parasitic Nippostronglyus muris larvae. American Journal of Hygiene 65, 325–37.Google Scholar
Seinhorst, J. W., (1959). A rapid method for the transfer of nematodes from fixative to anhydrous glycerin. Nematologic 4, 67–9.Google Scholar
Slater, W. K., (1925). The nature of the metabolic processes of Ascaris lumbricoides. Biochemical Journal 19, 604–10.Google Scholar
Taylor, G., (1951). Analysis of swimming of microscopic organisms. Proceedings of Royal Society of London A 209, 447–61.Google Scholar
Thomason, I. J., Van Gundy, S. D., & Kirkpatrick, J. D., (1964). Motility and infectivity of Meloidogyne javanica as affected by storage time and temperature in water. Phytopathology 54, 192–5.Google Scholar
Van Gundy, S. D., (1965). Factors in survival of nematodes. Annual Review of Phytopathology 3, 43–68.Google Scholar
Van Gundy, S. D., Bird, A. F., & Wallace, H. R., (1967). Ageing and starvation in larvae of Meloidogyne javanica and Tylenchus semipenetrans. Phytopathology 57, 559–71.Google Scholar
Van Brand, T., Weinstein, P. P., Mehlman, B., & Weinbach, E. C., (1952). Observations on the metabolism of bacteria-free larvae of Trichinella spiralis. Experimental Parasitology 1, 245–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Von Brand, T., & Simpson, W. F., (1942). Physiological observations upon a larval Eustrongylides. VIII. Studies upon survival and metabolism in sterile surroundings. Journal of Parasitology 30, 121–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weinstein, P. P., (1952). Regulation of water balance as a function of the excretory system of the filariform larvae of Nippostrongylus muris and Ancylostoma caninum. Experimental Parasitology 1, 363–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, P. A. G., (1965). Changes in lipid and nitrogen content of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infective larvae aged at a constant temperature. Experimental Parasitology 16, 190–4.Google Scholar
Wallace, H. R., (1966). Factors influencing the infectivity of plant parasitic nematodes. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 164, 592–614.Google Scholar