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Effects of ultraviolet radiation on the transmission process of an intertidal trematode parasite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 January 2012

A. STUDER ,
M. D. LAMARE  and
R. POULIN
A. STUDER*
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
M. D. LAMARE
Affiliation:
Department of Marine Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
R. POULIN
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
*
*Corresponding author: Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. Tel: +64 3 479 7964 Fax: +64 3 479 7584. E-mail: studeranja@gmail.com
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Summary

The transmission of parasites takes place under exposure to a range of fluctuating environmental factors, one being the changing levels of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Here, we investigated the effects of ecologically relevant levels of UVR on the transmission of the intertidal trematode Maritrema novaezealandensis from its first intermediate snail host (Zeacumantus subcarinatus) to its second intermediate amphipod host (Paracalliope novizealandiae). We assessed the output of parasite transmission stages (cercariae) from infected snail hosts, the survival and infectivity of cercariae, the susceptibility of amphipod hosts to infection (laboratory experiments) and the survival of infected and uninfected amphipod hosts (outdoor experiment) when exposed to photo-synthetically active radiation only (PAR, 400–700 nm; no UV), PAR+UVA (320–700 nm) or PAR+UVA+UVB (280–700 nm). Survival of cercariae and susceptibility of amphipods to infection were the only two steps significantly affected by UVR. Survival of cercariae decreased strongly in a dose-dependent manner, while susceptibility of amphipods increased after exposure to UVR for a prolonged period. Exposure to UVR thus negatively affects both the parasite and its amphipod host, and should therefore be considered an influential component in parasite transmission and host-parasite interactions in intertidal ecosystems.

Keywords

transmissionhost-parasite interactionsMaritrema novaezealandensisParacalliope novizealandiaeZeacumantus subcarinatusintertidal soft-sediment ecosystem
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 139 , Issue 4 , April 2012 , pp. 537 - 546
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

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