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Drilling predation increased in response to changing environments in the Caribbean Neogene

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 May 2016

Jill S. Leonard-Pingel  and
Jeremy B. C. Jackson
Jill S. Leonard-Pingel
Affiliation:
Geoscience Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A. E-mail: leonard-pingelj@wlu.edu.
Jeremy B. C. Jackson
Affiliation:
Geoscience Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A. Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013, U.S.A. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Post Office Box 0843-03093, Balboa, Panama
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Abstract

Changes in the physical environment are major drivers of evolutionary change, either through direct effects on the distribution and abundance of species or more subtle shifts in the outcome of biological interactions. To investigate this phenomenon, we built a fossil data set of drilling gastropod predation on bivalve prey for the last 11 Myr to determine how the regional collapse in Caribbean upwelling and planktonic productivity affected predator–prey interactions. Contrary to theoretical expectations, predation increased nearly twofold after productivity declined, while the ratio of drilling predators to prey remained unchanged. This increase reflects a gradual, several-fold increase in the extent of shallow-water coral reefs and seagrass meadows in response to the drop in productivity that extended over several million years. Drilling predation is uniformly higher in biogenic habitats than in soft sediments. Thus, changes in predation intensity were driven by a shift in dominant habitats rather than a direct effect of decreased productivity. Most previous analyses of predation through time have not accounted for variations in environmental conditions, raising questions about the patterns observed. More fundamentally, however, the consequences of large-scale environmental perturbations may not be instantaneous, especially when changes in habitat and other aspects of local environmental conditions cause cascading series of effects.

Type
Articles
Information
Paleobiology , Volume 42 , Issue 3 , August 2016 , pp. 394 - 409
Copyright
Copyright © 2016 The Paleontological Society. All rights reserved 

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