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Effect of vegetable consumption on risk of gastric cancer: a systematic review and multi-level meta-analysis of prospective studies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 February 2024

Xiaomin Wu Open the ORCID record for Xiaomin Wu [Opens in a new window] ,
Guoqiang Qin ,
Rui Zhang ,
Yunning Liu ,
Liling Chen ,
Jingyang Su ,
Chao Kong ,
Zhongze Fang  and
Jing Wu Open the ORCID record for Jing Wu [Opens in a new window]
Xiaomin Wu
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. National Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Guoqiang Qin
Affiliation:
Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
Rui Zhang
Affiliation:
National Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Yunning Liu
Affiliation:
National Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Liling Chen
Affiliation:
National Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China. Institute of Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, China.
Jingyang Su
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
Chao Kong
Affiliation:
Institute of Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Qufu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qufu, Shandong, China.
Zhongze Fang*
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
Jing Wu*
Affiliation:
National Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
*
*Corresponding authors: Zhongze Fang, email: fangzhongze@tmu.edu.cn and Jing Wu, email: wujing@ncncd.chinacdc.cn
*Corresponding authors: Zhongze Fang, email: fangzhongze@tmu.edu.cn and Jing Wu, email: wujing@ncncd.chinacdc.cn
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Abstract

Vegetables are known to be beneficial to human health, but the association between vegetable consumption and gastric cancer remains uncertain. To synthesise knowledge about the relationship between vegetable group consumption and gastric cancer risk, update present meta-analyses and estimate associations between vegetable consumption and gastric cancer risk based solely on prospective studies, we perform a PRISMA-compliant three-level meta-analysis. Systematic search identified thirteen prospective studies with fifty-two effect sizes that met all inclusion criteria and no exclusion criteria for our meta-analysis. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) showed a positive association between high vegetable consumption and low gastric cancer risk (pooled RR 0·93, 95% confidence interval 0·90–0·97, P = 0·06). In moderator analyses for indicators of gender, region and quantity of vegetable intake, there was no significant difference between subgroups. However, the effect became significant in populations with lower than the minimum risk exposure level (TMREL) of vegetable consumption (P < 0·05). Higher vegetable intake is associated with a decreased risk of gastric cancer. This effect may be limited to specific populations, such as ones with lower vegetable consumption. Evidence from our study has important public health implications for dietary recommendations.

Keywords

VegetableGastric cancerMinimum risk exposure levelMulti-level meta-analysisProspective studies
Type
Review Article
Information
Nutrition Research Reviews , First View , pp. 1 - 10
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society

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