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Warfare, Gender, and Sacrifice in Jequetepeque, Peru

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Edward Swenson
Edward Swenson*
Affiliation:
University of Toronto, Department of Anthropology, 19 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S2 (edward.swenson@utoronto.ca)
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Abstract

Archaeological data from the Jequetepeque Valley suggest that Late Moche warfare and religious sacrifice were embedded in a particular cosmological and gendered construction of the world. As a consequence, the pragmatic motives implicated in violent conflict were mediated by structures of practice specific to the Moche. An analysis of the archaeological record points to the existence of this cultural schema, the identification of which better explains the ascendancy of the famed priestess cult based at San José de Moro and the general decentralization of power in the Jequetepeque region. The evidence indicates that political relations in the valley were informed by a religious ideology that structured feasting, warfare, and sacrifice as specifically gendered but complementary domains. The spatial delimitation and sequential unfolding of ritual events were likely deemed essential for both socio-cosmic renewal and legitimate political advancement. This gendering of political and religious practices is reflected archaeologically in the division of centered and rural space and in the differential distribution of architectural forms, parochial feasting arenas, and iconographically charged artifacts. Ultimately, the archaeological record demonstrates that the political machinations of rural communities amplified this gendered sacrificial system within the context of the environmental upheavals of the Late Moche Period.

Los datos arqueológicos del Valle de Jequetepeque sugieren que durante el período Moche Tardío la guerra y el sacrificio religioso fueron incorporados en una cosmología particular de la complementariedad de los sexos. Como consecuencia, los motivos pragmáticos en conflictos violentos fueron mediados por las estructuras de prácticas específicamente moche. Un análisis hermenéutico del registro arqueológico apunta a la existencia de este esquema cultural, datos que pueden explicar la ascendencia del culto de la famosa sacerdotisa en San José de Moro y la descentralización general del poder en la región de Jequetepeque. Las evidencias indican que las relaciones políticas en el valle fueron informadas por una ideología religiosa que estructuraba festines, guerra y sacrificios como dominios masculinos y femeninos distintos pero complementarios. La delimitación espacial y el secuencial despliegue de los eventos rituales probablemente estuvieron relacionados con la renovación sociocósmica y el legítimo adelanto político. Esta vinculación a género de las prácticas religiosas y políticas se refleja arqueológicamente en la división de espacios centralizados y rurales, y en la diferenciada distribución de formas arquitectónicas, arenas festivas parroquiales, y la iconografía representada en artefactos. Por último, el registro arqueológico demuestra que las maquinaciones políticas de las comunidades rurales ampliaron este sistema sacrificial dentro del contexto de trastornos medioambientales del periodo Moche Tardío.

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Articles
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Latin American Antiquity , Volume 23 , Issue 2 , June 2012 , pp. 167 - 193
Copyright
Copyright © 2012 by the Society for American Archaeology.

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