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A Macroregional Perspective on Chiefly Cycling in the Central Region of Panama During the Late Ceramic Ii Period (A.D. 700–1522)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Adam C. J. Menzies  and
Mikael J. Haller
Adam C. J. Menzies
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, B2G 2W5, Canada (adamcjmenzies@gmail.com)
Mikael J. Haller
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, B2G 2W5, Canada (mhaller@stfx.ca)
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Abstract

The sixteenth-century indigenous societies who inhabited the Pacific plains of Panama have occupied an important place in discussions of social hierarchy in the Americas. Beginning with the discovery of the richly stocked tombs at Sitio Conte in the 1930s the origins of social hierarchy and wealth accumulation has been a key theme in the Central Region of Panama. Although the most lavish burial hoards at Sitio Conte contained hundreds of sumptuary goods elaborately decorated with cosmological iconography, no other contemporary cemetery shows evidence for this degree of wealth accumulation. The only other site with mortuary patterning suggestive of high ranking individuals is He-4, where high ranking mound burials were interred following the abandonment of the Sitio Conte cemetery. From a macroregional perspective the increase in access to prestige goods in mound burials at He-4 contemporaneous with, or immediately after, the decline of Sitio Conte is best explained as a result of changes in political organization of the kind often associated with the growth and decline of chiefly polities.

Las sociedades indígenas del siglo dieciséis, que habitaban las llanuras del Pacífico de Panamá, han ocupado un lugar importante en los debates sobre la jerarquía social en las Américas. Empezando con el descubrimiento de las tumbas de Sitio Conte en la década de 1930, los orígenes de la jerarquía social y la acumulación de riqueza han sido un tema clave en la región central de Panamá. Los entierros más ricos de Sitio Conte contenían cientos de artefactos de prestigio elaborados con iconografía cosmológica; sin embargo, ningún otro cementerio contemporáneo demostraba evidencia de este nivel de acumulación de riqueza. El único sitio con patrones mortuorios sugestivos de personas de alto rango es el sitio He-4, argumento que ha sustituido a Sitio Conte como una “necrópolis macro-regional” pero para enterrar a los individuos menos poderosos. Desde una perspectiva macro-regional, el registro funerario de He-4 sugiere el desarrollo de una jerarquía social más modesta que Sitio Conte. Esta diferencia se explica mejor como una consecuencia del cambio de organización política a nivel macro-regional. En otras palabras, el aumento en el acceso a artefactos de prestigio en los montículos funerarios en He-4 inmediatamente después de la disminución de Sitio Conte, se explica mejor como resultado de cambios en la organización política asociada con el crecimiento y la disminución de cacicazgos.

Type
Themed Section: Reorganization and Resilience
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 23 , Issue 4 , December 2012 , pp. 449 - 466
Copyright
Copyright © 2012 by the Society for American Archaeology.

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