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Form and Function of Bipolar Lithic Artifacts from the Three Dog Site, San Salvador, Bahamas

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Mary Jane Berman ,
April K. Sievert  and
Thomas R. Whyte
Mary Jane Berman
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109
April K. Sievert
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
Thomas R. Whyte
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608
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Abstract

The significance of a microlithic assemblage composed of imported, nonlocal materials is discussed for the Three Dog site, an early Lucayan site located on San Salvador, Bahamas. The Bahama archipelago is an interesting area in which to examine the organization of technology because the islands lack cherts and other suitable materials for chipped stone manufacture, suggesting that economizing strategies may have been practiced. The artifacts were manufactured by bipolar production and a few show evidence of recycling and reuse. Microwear analysis, undertaken to determine function, was inconclusive due to heavy weathering from the depositional environment. Traces of an organic adhesive suggest that some of the objects were used as hafted or composite tools. The presence of starch grains, most likely Xanthosoma sp., and other plant residues on some artifacts suggests they were used in plant processing. The morphological similarities of the flakes produced through bipolar reduction with those from ethnographic sources suggest that most of them probably were used as grater chips to process root or tuber foods. The assemblage was compared to other bipolarly-produced microlithic assemblages from nearby islands.

Resumen

Resumen

Este artículo trata de la importancia de la presencia de un conjunto microlítico compuesto de materiales importados en el sitio Three Dog, un sitio Lucayo temprano localizado en San Salvador, Bahamas. Las Bahamas es un área interesante para el estudio de la organización de la tecnología ya que las islas carecen de silex u otros materiales apropriados para la manufactura de piedra tallada. Numerosas evidencias de medidas de economizar inducidas por la escasez del material, tales como la técnica bipolar y el reuso y reciclaje de los artefactos, estan presente en el conjunto. Se llevó a cabo un análisis de microdesgastes para determinar el uso de los artefactos. El marcado deterioro de los artefactos líticos producidos por las pobres condiciones de deposición hace difícil la identificación de los patrones de lustre. Las semejanzas morfológicas entre las lascas producidas por la reducción bipolar y las descritas en las fuentes etnográficas sugieren que muchas de ellas fueron usadas como microlascas de ralladores de tubérculos. Tanto la función y el uso anticipado como la falta de buenas fuentes de lítica son consideraciones importantes en la determinación de la forma y la tecnología de artefactos.

Type
Reports
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 10 , Issue 4 , December 1999 , pp. 415 - 432
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 1999

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