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Type 2 Diabetes and Cognitive Functions in Middle Age: A Meta-Analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 December 2018

Elina Pelimanni  and
Mervi Jehkonen
Elina Pelimanni
Affiliation:
Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
Mervi Jehkonen*
Affiliation:
Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Mervi Jehkonen, Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, FIN-33014 University of Tampere, Finland. E-mail: mervi.jehkonen@staff.uta.fi
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Abstract

Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus has been linked with cognitive decrement and an increased risk of dementia in older people. Less is known about whether diabetes affects cognition at younger ages. The objective of this meta-analysis was to examine possible differences (effect sizes) in cognitive performance between middle-aged type 2 diabetic patients and healthy controls. Secondary aim was to examine whether age is related to the magnitude of effect sizes. Methods: Electronic databases and lists of references of selected articles were used to search for studies examining type 2 diabetes and cognition in patients under age 65 compared to healthy controls. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. Standardized mean differences (Hedges’s g) were calculated for main cognitive domains and their subdomains. Association between age and effect sizes was evaluated with meta-regression analyses. Publication bias and methodological quality of the studies were assessed. Results: Patients performed worse than controls in several cognitive functions. The largest differences were found in information processing speed (g = −0.68), attention/concentration (g = −0.55), executive functions (g = −0.51), and working memory (g = −0.51). There was no significance difference in visual memory (g = −0.15). Age was significantly related to the effect size in information processing speed, language, verbal memory and visual memory. However, the direction of association varied across these cognitive domains. Conclusions: The results suggest that cognitive decrement in diabetes is not restricted to older people, but may begin to appear in middle age. More attention should be paid to early recognition and treatment of diabetes-related cognitive decrement in healthcare systems. (JINS, 2019, 25, 215–229)

Keywords

AttentionCognitionDiabetes mellitus, Type 2Executive functionMemoryMiddle agedNeuropsychology
Type
Critical Review
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 25 , Issue 2 , February 2019 , pp. 215 - 229
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2018 

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