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Performance Validity Testing in Justice-Involved Adults with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 February 2020

Katelyn Mullally Open the ORCID record for Katelyn Mullally [Opens in a new window] ,
Kaitlyn McLachlan ,
Emily MacKillop  and
Jacqueline Pei
Katelyn Mullally
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
Kaitlyn McLachlan*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
Emily MacKillop
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Neuropsychology Service, St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8N 3K7 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4L8
Jacqueline Pei
Affiliation:
Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G5
*
*Correspondence and reprint requests to: Kaitlyn McLachlan, Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Guelph. MacKinnon 3011, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1. E-mail: kmclac02@uoguelph.ca
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Abstract

Objectives:

A number of commonly used performance validity tests (PVTs) may be prone to high failure rates when used for individuals with severe neurocognitive deficits. This study investigated the validity of 10 PVT scores in justice-involved adults with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), a neurodevelopmental disability stemming from prenatal alcohol exposure and linked with severe neurocognitive deficits.

Method:

The sample comprised 80 justice-involved adults (ages 19–40) including 25 with confirmed or possible FASD and 55 where FASD was ruled out. Ten PVT scores were calculated, derived from Word Memory Test, Genuine Memory Impairment Profile, Advanced Clinical Solutions (Word Choice), the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Fourth Edition (Reliable Digit Span and age-corrected scaled scores (ACSS) from Digit Span, Coding, Symbol Search, Coding – Symbol Search, Vocabulary – Digit Span), and the Wechsler Memory Scale – Fourth Edition (Logical Memory II Recognition).

Results:

Participants with diagnosed/possible FASD were more likely to fail any single PVT, and failed a greater number of PVTs overall, compared to those without FASD. They were also more likely to fail based on Word Memory Test, Digit Span ACSS, Coding ACSS, Symbol Search ACSS, and Logical Memory II Recognition, compared to controls (35–76%). Across both groups, substantially more participants with IQ <70 failed two or more PVTs (90%), compared to those with an IQ ≥70 (44%).

Conclusions:

Results highlight the need for additional research examining the use of PVTs in justice-involved populations with FASD.

Keywords

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorderPerformance validity testingForensic assessmentNeuropsychological assessmentNon-credible respondingReliabilityValidityPrenatal alcohol exposure
Type
Regular Research
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 26 , Issue 7 , August 2020 , pp. 701 - 713
Copyright
Copyright © INS. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2020

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