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Improved intraindividual variability in cognitive performance following cognitive and exercise training in older adults

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 October 2023

Nárlon C. Boa Sorte Silva Open the ORCID record for Nárlon C. Boa Sorte Silva [Opens in a new window] ,
Lisanne F. ten Brinke ,
Allison A. M. Bielak ,
Todd C. Handy  and
Teresa Liu-Ambrose
Nárlon C. Boa Sorte Silva
Affiliation:
Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Centre for Aging SMART, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Lisanne F. ten Brinke
Affiliation:
Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Allison A. M. Bielak
Affiliation:
Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
Todd C. Handy
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Teresa Liu-Ambrose*
Affiliation:
Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Centre for Aging SMART, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
*
Corresponding author: Teresa Liu-Ambrose; Email: teresa.ambrose@ubc.ca
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Abstract

Objective:

Increased intraindividual variability (IIV) of cognitive performance is a marker of cognitive decline in older adults. Whether computerized cognitive training (CCT) and aerobic exercise counteracts cognitive decline by reducing IIV is unknown. We investigated the effects of CCT with or without aerobic exercise on IIV in older adults.

Methods:

This was a secondary analysis of an 8-week randomized controlled trial. Older adults (aged 65–85 years) were randomized to CCT alone (n = 41), CCT with aerobic exercise (n = 41), or an active control group (n = 42). The CCT group trained using the Fit Brains® platform 3×/week for 1 hr (plus 3×/week of home-based training). The CCT with aerobic exercise group received 15 min of walking plus 45 min of Fit Brains® 3×/week (plus 3×/week of home-based training). The control group received sham exercise and cognitive training (3×/week for 1 hr). We computed reaction time IIV from the Dimensional Change Card Sort Test, Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention Test (Flanker), and Pattern Comparison Processing Speed Test (PACPS).

Results:

Compared with the control group, IIV reduced in a processing speed task (PACPS) following CCT alone (mean difference [95% confidence interval]: −0.144 [−0.255 to −0.034], p < 0.01) and CCT with aerobic exercise (−0.113 [−0.225 to −0.001], p < 0.05). Attention (Flanker congruent) IIV was reduced only after CCT with aerobic exercise (−0.130 [−0.242 to −0.017], p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

A CCT program promoted cognitive health via reductions in IIV of cognitive performance and combining it with aerobic exercise may result in broader benefits.

Keywords

AgingVariabilityCognitionAerobic trainingReaction timeProcessing speed
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 30 , Issue 4 , May 2024 , pp. 328 - 338
Copyright
Copyright © INS. Published by Cambridge University Press 2023

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