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Associations of environmental and lifestyle factors with spatial navigation in younger and older adults

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 August 2022

Hannah Maybrier Open the ORCID record for Hannah Maybrier [Opens in a new window] ,
Ben Julian A. Palanca Open the ORCID record for Ben Julian A. Palanca [Opens in a new window]  and
Denise Head Open the ORCID record for Denise Head [Opens in a new window]
Hannah Maybrier
Affiliation:
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
Ben Julian A. Palanca
Affiliation:
Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
Denise Head*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
*
Corresponding author: Denise Head, email: dhead@wustl.edu
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Abstract

Objective:

Advanced age is associated with prominent impairment in allocentric navigation dependent on the hippocampus. This study examined whether age-related impairment in allocentric navigation and strategy selection was associated with sleep disruption or circadian rest-activity fragmentation. Further, we examined whether associations with navigation were moderated by perceived stress and physical activity.

Method:

Sleep fragmentation and total sleep time over the course of 1 week were assayed in younger (n = 42) and older (n = 37) adults via wrist actigraphy. Subsequently, participants completed cognitive mapping and route learning tasks, as well a measure of spontaneous navigation strategy selection. Measurements of perceived stress and an actigraphy-based index of physical activity were also obtained. Circadian rest-activity fragmentation was estimated via actigraphy post-hoc.

Results:

Age was associated with reduced cognitive mapping, route learning, allocentric strategy use, and total sleep time (ps < .01), replicating prior findings. Novel findings included that sleep fragmentation increased with advancing age (p = .009) and was associated with lower cognitive mapping (p = .022) within the older adult cohort. Total sleep time was not linearly associated with the navigation tasks (ps > .087). Post-hoc analyses revealed that circadian rest-activity fragmentation increased with advancing age within the older adults (p = .026) and was associated with lower cognitive mapping across the lifespan (p = .001) and within older adults (p = .005). Neither stress nor physical activity were robust moderators of sleep fragmentation associations with the navigation tasks (ps > .113).

Conclusion:

Sleep fragmentation and circadian rest-activity fragmentation are potential contributing factors to age effects on cognitive mapping within older adults.

Keywords

cognitive mappingroute learningphysical activitysleep fragmentationcircadian rhythms
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 29 , Issue 4 , May 2023 , pp. 377 - 387
Copyright
Copyright © INS. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2022

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