Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-m9kch Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-30T17:36:14.570Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Making Sense of Adam Smith's Invisible Hand: Beyond Pareto Optimality and Unintended Consequences

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 June 2009

Elias L. Khalil
Affiliation:
University of Chicago, USA. Contact: elkhalil@midway.uchicago.edu.

Extract

Smith explicitly spells out the term “invisible hand” in only three texts, each in a different work. What is embarrassing to neoclassical welfare theory is that these explicit references have little to do with what came to be understood by the metaphor. In particular, the explicit reference to the invisible hand in The Wealth of Nations (WN) is not about the efficiency of the market in allocating resources. Rather, it is about, ironically, how impediments in the international capital market generate great benefits.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The History of Economics Society 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Ahmad, Syed. 1990. “Adam Smith's Four Invisible Hands.” History of Political Economy 22 (Spring): 137–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, Vivienne. 1991. “Signifying Voices: Reading the ‘Adam Smith Problem’.” Economics and Philosophy 7 (10): 187220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evensky, Jerry. 1987. “The Two Voices of Adam Smith: Moral Philosopher and Social Critic.” History of Political Economy 19: 447–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evensky, Jerry. 1993. “Retrospectives: Ethics and the Invisible Hand.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 7 (Spring): 197205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hahn, Frank. 1982. “Reflections on the Invisible Hand.” Lloyd's Bank Review 144 (04): 121.Google Scholar
Hueckel, Glenn. 1998. “Smith's Uniform ‘Toil and Trouble’: A ‘Vain Subtlety’?Journal of the History of Economic Thought 20 (06): 215–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khalil, Elias L. 1990. “Beyond Self-Interest and Altruism: A Reconstruction of Adam Smith's Theory of Human Conduct.” Economics and Philosophy 6 (10): 255–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khalil, Elias L. 1993. “Neo-classical Economics and Neo-Darwinism: Clearing the Way for Historical Thinking.” In Blackwell, Ron, Chatha, Jaspal, and Nell, Edward J., eds., Economics as Worldly Philosophy. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Khalil, Elias L. 1996. “Respect, Admiration, Aggrandizement: Adam Smith as Economic Psychologist.” Journal of Economic Psychology 17 (09): 555–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khalil, Elias L. 1997a. “Friedrich Hayek's Theory of Spontaneous Order: Two Problems.” Constitutional Political Economy 8: 301–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khalil, Elias L. 1997b. “Etzioni versus Becker: Do Moral Sentiments Differ from Ordinary Tastes?De Economist 145 (12): 491520.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khalil, Elias L. 1998. “Is Justice the Primary Feature of the State? Adam Smith's Critique of Social Contract Theory.” European Journal of Law and Economics 6 (11) 215–30.Google Scholar
Khalil, Elias L. 2000. “Beyond Natural Selection and Divine Intervention: The Lamarckian Implication of Adam Smith's Invisible Hand.” Journal of Evolutionary Economics 10 in press.Google Scholar
Kollock, Peter. 1994. “The Emergence of Exchange Structures: An Experimental Study of Uncertainty, Commitment, and Trust.” American Journal of Sociology 100: 315–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lamarck, J.B. 1809. Zoological Philosophy: An Exposition with Regard to the Natural History of Animals, trans. by Hugh, Elliot. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984.Google Scholar
Macfie, Alec L. 1967. The Individual in Society: Papers on Adam Smith. London: George Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar
Macfie, Alec L. 1971. “The Invisible Hand of Jupiter.” Journal of the History of Ideas 32: 595–99.Google Scholar
Merton, Robert K. 1936. “The Unanticipated Consequences of Purposive Social Action.” American Sociological Review 1: 894904.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Driscoll, G.P., ed. 1979. Adam Smith and Modern Political Economy. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press.Google Scholar
Oncken, August. 1897. “The Consistency of Adam Smith.” Economic Journal 7: 443–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pack, Spencer J. 1991. Capitalism as a Moral System: Adam Smith's Critique of the Free Market Economy. Aldershot: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Persky, Joseph. 1989. “Retrospectives: Adam Smith's Invisible Hands.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 3 (Fall): 195201.Google Scholar
Reisman, David A. 1998. “Adam Smith on Market and State.” Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics 154 (06): 357–83.Google Scholar
Skinner, Andrew S. 1979. A System of Social Science: Papers Related to Adam Smith. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Smith, Adam. 1776. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, 2 vols., general editors Campbell, R. H. and Skinner, A. S., textual editor Todd, W. B.. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1976.Google Scholar
Smith, Adam. 17591790. The Theory of Moral Sentiments, edited by Raphael, D. D. and Macfie, A. L.. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1976.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, Adam. 1795. Essays on Philosophical Subjects, general editors Raphael, D. D. and Skinner, A. S., edited by Wightman, W. P. D., Bryce, J. C., & Ross, I. S.. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980.Google Scholar
Steuart, Sir James. 1767. The Works: Political Metaphysical and Chronological, 6 vols. New York: Kelley, 1967.Google Scholar
Stone, Richard. 1992. “Public Economic Policy: Adam Smith on What the State and Other Public Institutions Should and Should Not Do.” In Fry, Michael, ed., Adam Smith's Legacy: His Place in the Development of Modern Economics. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Tribe, Keith. 1999. “Adam Smith: Critical Theorist?Journal of Economic Literature 37 (06): 609–32.Google Scholar
Viner, Jacob. 1928. “Adam Smith and Laissez-Faire.” In J.M. Clark et al., Adam Smith, 1776–1926. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Taylor, Overton H. 1960. A History of Economic Thought. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar