Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-42gr6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T09:07:07.129Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Two Late Ordovician asteroids (Echinodermata) with characters suggestive of early ophiuroids

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 July 2015

Daniel B. Blake*
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801,

Abstract

Jugiaster n. gen. is based on the Upper Ordovician asteroid (Echinodermata) Petraster speciosus; in addition, a second Upper Ordovician occurrence, Phyrtosaster casteri, new gen. and sp., is described. Both species exhibit mouth frame characters suggestive of those long considered typical of early ophiuroids, thereby demonstrating the adaptive versatility and complexity of asterozoan diversification. Jugiaster specimens also exhibit delicate ambulacral column articulation. The new fossils indicate the need for much further study before early asterozoan history will be well understood.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ausich, W. I. 1996. Phylum Echinodermata, p. 242261. In Feldmann, R. M. (ed.), Fossils of Ohio, Bulletin 70, Ohio Geological Survey.Google Scholar
Baily, W. H. 1878. p. xv, 21, 26. In Kinahan, G. H., Manual of the Geology of Ireland. C. Kegan Paul, London, 426 p.Google Scholar
Blainville, H. M. De. 1830. Zoophytes. Dictionaries des Sciences Naturelles. F. G. Larval, Strasbourg, 60 p.Google Scholar
Billings, E. 1858. On the Asteridae of the Lower Silurian rocks of Canada. Figures and descriptions of Canadian organic remains. Geological Survey of Canada, dec. 3:7585.Google Scholar
Blake, D. B. 1978. The taxonomic position of the modern sea star Cistina Gray, 1840. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 91:234241.Google Scholar
Blake, D. B. 1982. Somasteroidea, Asteroidea, and the affinities of Luidia (Platasterias) latiradiata. Palaeontology, 25:167191.Google Scholar
Blake, D. B. 1987. A classification and phylogeny of post-Palaeozoic sea stars (Asteroidea: Echinodermata). Journal of Natural History, 21:481528.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blake, D. B. 1998. Morphological characters of early asteroids and ophiuroids, p. 57. In Mooi, R. J. and Telford, M. L. (eds.), Echinoderms, San Francisco; A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 923 p.Google Scholar
Blake, D. B. and Elliott, D. R. 2003. Ossicular homologies, systematics, and phylogenetic implications of certain North American Carboniferous asteroids. Journal of Paleontology, 77:476489.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blake, D. B. and Guensburg, T. E. 1988. The water vascular system and functional morphology of Paleozoic asteroids. Lethaia, 21:189206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blake, D. B. and Guensburg, T. E. 2005. Implications of a new Early Ordovician asteroid (Echinodermata) for the phylogeny of Asterozoans. Journal of Paleontology, 79:395399.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blake, D.B. and Hagdorn, H. 2003 The Asteroidea (Echinodermata) of the Muschelkalk (Middle Triassic of Germany). Paleontologische Zeitschrift, 77:2358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blake, D. B. and Hotchkiss, F. H. C. 2004. Recognition of the asteroid (Echinodermata) crown group: Implications of the ventral skeleton. Journal of Paleontology, 78:359–30.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Branstrator, J. W. 1972. Lanthanaster cruciformis, a new Upper Ordovician sea star from Cincinnati, Ohio. Journal of Paleontology, 46:6669.Google Scholar
Branstrator, J. W. 1975. Podial efficacy of some Ordovician asteroids (Echinodermata) from North America. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 67:5769.Google Scholar
Branstrator, J. W. 1979. Asteroidea (Echinodermata), p. F1F7. In Pojeta, J. Jr. (ed.), Contributions to the Ordovician Paleontology of Kentucky and Nearby States, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 1066.Google Scholar
Branstrator, J. W. 1982. Asteroids, p. 316321. In Sprinkle, J. (ed.), Echinoderm Faunas from the Bromide Formation (Middle Ordovician) of Oklahoma. The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Monograph 1.Google Scholar
Dean, J. 1999. What makes an ophiuroid? A morphological study of the problematic Ordovician stelleroid Stenaster and the palaeobiology of the earliest asteroids and ophiuroids. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 126:225250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fell, H. B. 1963. The phylogeny of sea-stars. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London, series B, 246:386435.Google Scholar
Gordon, I. 1929. Skeletal development in Arbacia, Echinarachnius and Leptasterias. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London, series B, 217:289334.Google Scholar
Gray, J. E. 1840. A synopsis of the genera and species of the class Hypostoma (Asterias Linnaeus). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 20:193204.Google Scholar
Gregory, J. W. 1899. On Lindstromaster and the classification of the palaeasterids. Geological Magazine, dec. 4, 6:341354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregory, J. W. 1900. The Eleutherozoa—Stelleroidea, p. 237281. In Lankester, E. R. (ed.), A Treatise on Zoology, Pt. 3, The Echinoderma. Adam & Charles Black, London.Google Scholar
Hotchkiss, F. H. C. 1976. Devonian ophiuroids from New York State: Reclassification of Klasmura, Antiquaster, and Stenaster into the suborder Scalarina nov., order Stenurida. New York State Museum, Bulletin 425, 39 p.Google Scholar
Kesling, R. V. 1969. Three Permian starfish from Western Australia and their bearing on revision of the Asteroidea. Contributions from The Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, 22:361376.Google Scholar
Madsen, F. J. 1966. The Recent sea-star Platasterias and the fossil Somasteroidea. Nature, 209:1367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, S. A. and Dyer, C. B. 1878. Contributions to Palaeontology. Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, 1:2439.Google Scholar
Mooi, R. and David, B. 2000. What a new model of skeletal homologies tells us about asteroid evolution. American Zoologist, 40:326339.Google Scholar
Müller, J. and Troschel, F. H. 1842. System der Asteriden. 1. Asteriae. 2. Ophiuridae. Braunschweig, 134 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scheibling, R. E. 1982. Feeding habits of Oreaster reticulatus (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Bulletin of Marine Science, 32:504510.Google Scholar
Schuchert, C. 1914. Fossilium Catalogus, I: Animalia, pars 3, Stelleroidea Palaeozoica, W. Junk (Berlin), 53 p.Google Scholar
Schuchert, C. 1915. Revision of Paleozoic Stelleroidea with special reference to North American Asteroidea. Bulletin of the U.S. National Museum, 88, 312 p.Google Scholar
Shackleton, J. D. 2005. Skeletal homologies, phylogeny and classification of the earliest asterozoan echinoderms. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 3:29114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, A. B. and Jell, P. A. 1990. Cambrian edrioasteroids from Australia and the origin of starfishes. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 28:715778.Google Scholar
Spencer, W. K. 1914-1940. British Palaeozoic Asterozoa, Pt. 1-10, Palaeontographical Society of London Monograph, 540 p.Google Scholar
Spencer, W. K. 1916. British Palaeozoic Asterozoa, Pt. 2, Palaeontographical Society of London Monograph, p. 57108.Google Scholar
Spencer, W. K. 1918. British Palaeozoic Asterozoa, Pt. 3, Palaeontographical Society of London Monograph, p. 109168.Google Scholar
Spencer, W. K. 1919. British Palaeozoic Asterozoa, Pt. 4, Palaeontographical Society of London Monograph, p. 169196.Google Scholar
Spencer, W. K. 1927. British Palaeozoic Asterozoa, Pt. 7, Palaeontographical Society of London Monograph, p. 325388.Google Scholar
Spencer, W. K. 1951. Early Palaeozoic starfishes. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London, series B, 235:87129.Google Scholar
Spencer, W. K. and Wright, C. W. 1966. Asterozoans, p. U4U107. In Moore, R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. U, Echinodermata 3. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Stürtz, B. 1886. Beitrag zur Kenntnis palaeozoischer Seesterne. Palaeontographica, 32:8598.Google Scholar
Van Veldhuizen, H. D. and Phillips, P. W. 1978. Prey capture by Pisaster brevispinus (Asteroidea: Echinodermata) on soft substrata. Marine Biology, 48:8997.CrossRefGoogle Scholar