Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-68ccn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-12T08:24:46.897Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Redescription of Alokistocare subcoronatum (Hall and Whitfield, 1877), the type species of Alokistocare, and the status of Alokistocaridae Resser, 1939B (Ptychopariida: Trilobita, Middle Cambrian)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2016

Frederick A. Sundberg
Frederick A. Sundberg*
Affiliation:
Research Associate, Invertebrate Paleontology Section, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, California 90007
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Alokistocare subcoronatum (Hall and Whitfield, 1877) is the type species of Alokistocare Lorenz, 1906, the nominal genus for the diverse Middle Cambrian Alokistocaridae Resser, 1939b. New collections from the Ehmaniella Biozone contain cranidia, librigenae, hypostomes, rostral plates, thoracic segments, and pygidia, which allow a more complete understanding of the morphological range and character of this important species.

Cladistic analyses using this new information about A. subcoronatum suggest that: 1) Ehmaniellidae Sundberg, 1994, is synonymous with Alokistocaridae; 2) Alokistocaridae is a monophylectic clade and not synonymous with Papyriaspididae Whitehouse, 1939; 3) Pseudoalokistocare Sundberg, 1994, is synonymous with Alokistocare; and 4) Taxa previously assigned to the older “Alokistocare”/Amecephalus group (Plagiura to Glossopleura biochrons) form a separate clade and should not be included in Alokistocare or the Alokistocaridae. These older species are assigned to Amecephalus Walcott, 1924, which is restricted to the Delamaran Stage. Alokistocaridae as recognized here is restricted to the Marjuman Stage.

A morphometric analysis of Alokistocare subcoronatum shows minor but significant differences among collections, indicating population differences. In addition, the cranidium displays both positive and negative allometric growth as well as isometric growth. Allometric growth is present in both meraspid and holaspid stages. The pygidium shows only isometric growth.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 73 , Issue 6 , November 1999 , pp. 1126 - 1143
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Babcock, L. E. 1994. Systematics and phylogenetics of polymeroid trilobites from the Henson Gletscher and Kap Stanton formations (Middle Cambrian), North Greenland. Bulletin Gr⊘nlands Geologiske Undersoegelse, 169:79–127.Google Scholar
Berry, L. C. 1989. Geology of the Porcupine Reservoir Quadrangle, Cache County, Utah. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey Map 113, 17 p., 2 pls.Google Scholar
Blaker, M. R., and Peel, J. S. 1997. Lower Cambrian trilobites from North Greeenland. Meddelelser om Gr⊘nland Geoscience, 35, 145 p.Google Scholar
Chang, W. T., Lu, Y., Zhu, Z., Qian, Y., Lin, H., Zhou, Z., Chang, S., and Yuan, J. 1980. Cambrian Trilobite Faunas of Southwestern China. Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, 497 p., 134 pls. (in Chinese with English summary) Google Scholar
Chappill, J. A. 1989. Quantitative characters in phylogenetic analysis. Cladistics, 5:217–234.Google Scholar
Chatterton, B. D. E., Edgecombe, G. D., Waisfeld, B. G., and Vaccari, N. E. 1998. Ontogeny and systematics of Toernquistiidae (Trilobita, Proetida) from the Ordovician of the Argentine Precordillera. Journal of Paleontology, 72:273–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chernysheva, N. E., Balashova, E. A., Ivshin, N. K., Kramarenko, N. N., Maksimov, Z. A., pokrovskaya, N. V., and Suvoroa, N. P. 1960. Osnovy Paleontologii, Chlenistonogie, Trilobitoobraznyi i Rakoobraznye. Klass Trilobita [Principles of paleontology—arthropods, trilobites, and crustaceans. Class Trilobita.] Gos. nauchno-Teknich., p. 17–194, Izdat. Lit. Geologii i okhrane nedr., Moscow.Google Scholar
Demokidov, K. K., and Lazarenko, N. P. 1964. Stratigrafiya Verkhnego dokembriya i kembriya i nizhenkem briyskie trilobite severnoy chasti sedney Sibiri i ostrovov Sovetskoy Arktiki [Stratigraphy of the Upper Precambrian and Cambrian and Lower Cambrian trilobites from the northern part of Middle Siberian and islands of the Soviet Arctic]. Naucho-Issledovatel'skiy Institut Geologii Arktiki (NIIGA) Trudy 137, 286 p.Google Scholar
Deiss, C. 1939. Cambrian Stratigraphy and Trilobites of Northwestern Montana. Geological Society America Special Papers 18, 135 p.Google Scholar
Deputy, E. J. 1984. Petrology of the Middle Cambrian Ute Formation, north-central Utah and southeastern Idaho. Unpublished , , Logan, 124 p.Google Scholar
Edgecombe, G. D., Chatterton, B. D. E., Baccari, N. E. V., and Waisfeld, B. G. 1997. Ontogeny of the proetoid trilobite Stenoblepharum, and relationships of a new species from the Upper Ordovician of Argentina. Journal of Paleontology, 71:419–433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fritz, W. H. 1968. Lower and early Middle Cambrian trilobites from the Pioche Shale, east-central Nevada, U.S.A. Palaeontology, 11:183–235.Google Scholar
Fortey, R. A., and Hughes, N. C. 1998. Brood pouches in trilobites. Journal of Paleontology, 72:638–649.Google Scholar
Hague, A., and Emmons, S. F. 1877. Descriptive geology. United States Geologic Exploration of the 40th Parallel Report, 2, 890 p.Google Scholar
Hall, J., and Whitfield, R. P. 1877. Paleontology. United States Geologic Exploration of the 40th Parallel Report, 4(2):198–302.Google Scholar
Harrington, H. J., Henningsmoen, G., Howell, B. F., Jaanusson, V., Lochman-Balk, C., Moore, R. C., Poulsen, C., Rasetti, F., Richter, E., Richter, R., Schmidt, H., Sdzuy, K., Struve, W., st⊘rmer, L., Stubblefield, C. J., Tripp, R., Weller, J. M., and Whittington, H. B. 1959. Arthropoda 1, 560 p. In Moore, R.C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. O, Geological Society of America and University of Kansas, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Hughes, N. C. 1994. Ontogeny, Intraspecific Variation, and Systematics of the Late Cambrian Trilobite Dikelocephalus . Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology, 79, 89 p.Google Scholar
Hupé, P. 1953. Classe des Trilobites, p. 44–246, figs. 1-140. In Piveteau, J. (ed.), Traité de Paléontologie III, Masson et Cie, Paris.Google Scholar
Hupé, P. 1955. Classification des trilobites, Pt. 2, Annales de Paléontologie, 41:91–325.Google Scholar
King, C. 1876. Paleozoic subdivisions on the fortieth parallel. American Journal of Science, 3d series, 11:475–482.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, C. 1878. Systematic geology. United States Geographic Exploration of the 40th Parallel, 1, 803 p.Google Scholar
Kobayashi, T. 1962. The Cambro-Ordovician formations and faunas of south Korea, Pt. 9, Paleontology 8. Tokyo Imperial University, Faculty of Science Journal, section 2, 14(1), 152 p.Google Scholar
Lazarenko, N. P. 1962. Novye nizhnekembriyskie trilobity Sovetskoy Arktiki [New Lower Cambrian trilobites from the Soviet Arctic]. Sbornik statei po paleontologii i biostratigraphic, 29:29–78.Google Scholar
Lieberman, B. S. 1998. Cladistic analysis of the Early Cambrian olenelloid trilobites. Journal of Paleontology, 72:59–78.Google Scholar
Lochman, C. 1947. Analysis and revision of eleven Lower Cambrian trilobite genera. Journal of Paleontology, 21:59–71.Google Scholar
Lochman, C. 1952. Trilobites, p. 60–162. In Cooper, G. A., Arellano, A. R. V., Johnson, J. H., Okulitch, V. J., Stayanow, A., and Lochman, C., Cambrian stratigraphy and paleontology near Caborca, northwestern Sonora, Mexico. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 119(1), 184 p., 31 pls. Google Scholar
Lorenz, T. 1906. Beiträge zur Geologie und Palaeontologie von Ostasien unter besonderer Berüchsichting der Provinz Schantung in China, 2 Palaeontologischer Teil. Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaf, 58:53–108.Google Scholar
Lu, Y.-H. 1945. Early Middle Cambrian faunas of Meitan. Geological Society of China Bulletin, 25:185–199.Google Scholar
Lu, Y.-H. 1962. Cambrian trilobites, p. 25–35, pls. 1-6. In Academia Sinica, Index Fossils of Yangtze Region Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Science Press, Beijing. (Not seen) Google Scholar
Ludvigsen, R., and Westrop, S. R. 1985. Three new Upper Cambrian stages for North America. Geology, 13:139–143.Google Scholar
Matthew, G. F. 1887. Illustrations of the fauna of the St. John Group, Number 4, On the smaller-eyed trilobites of Division I, with a few remarks on the species of the higher divisions of the group. Canadian Record of Science, 2:357–363.Google Scholar
Maxey, G. B. 1958. Lower and Middle Cambrian stratigraphy in northern Utah and southeastern Idaho. Geological Society of America Bulletin 69:647–688.Google Scholar
Öpik, A. A. 1961. The geology and palaeontology of the headwaters of the Burke River, Queensland. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics Bulletin, 53, 249 p.Google Scholar
Oriel, S. S., and Armstrong, F. C. 1971. Uppermost Precambrian and lowest Cambrian rocks in southeastern Idaho. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 394, 52 p.Google Scholar
Owen, D. D. 1852. Report of the Geological Survey of Wisconsin, Iowa, and Minnesota. Lippencott, Grambo and Co., Philadelphia, 638 p.Google Scholar
Palmer, A. R. 1954. An appraisal of the Great Basin Middle Cambrian trilobites described before 1900. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 264-D:53–86.Google Scholar
Palmer, A. R. 1981. Subdivision of the Sauk Sequence. United States Geology Survey Open-file Report, 81–743:160–162.Google Scholar
Palmer, A. R. 1998. A proposed nomenclature for stages and series for the Cambrian of Laurentia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 35:323–238.Google Scholar
Palmer, A. R., and Gatehouse, C. G. 1972. Early and Middle Cambrian trilobites from Antarctica. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 456-D, 36 p.Google Scholar
Palmer, A. R., and Halley, R. B. 1979. Physical stratigraphy and trilobite biostratigraphy of the Carrara Formation (Lower and Middle Cambrian) in the southern Great Basin. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 1047, 131 p.Google Scholar
Poulsen, C. 1927. The Cambrian, Ozarkian and Canadian Faunas of Northwest Greenland. Meddelelser om Gr⊘nland, 70:233–343.Google Scholar
Poulsen, V. 1958. Contributions to the Middle Cambrian paleontology and stratigraphy of Argentina. Matematisk-fysiske Meddelelser udgivet af Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, 31(8), 22 p.Google Scholar
Rasetti, F. 1951. Middle Cambrian Stratigraphy and Faunas of the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 116(5), 277 p.Google Scholar
Rasetti, F. 1955. Lower Cambrian ptychopariid trilobites from the conglomerates of Quebec. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 128(7), 35 p.Google Scholar
Rasetti, F. 1963. Middle Cambrian ptychoparioid trilobites from the conglomerates of Quebec. Journal of Paleontology, 37:575–594.Google Scholar
Resser, C. E. 1935. Nomenclature of some Cambrian trilobites. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 93(5), 29 p.Google Scholar
Resser, C. E. 1936. Second contribution to nomenclature on Cambrian trilobites. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 95(4), 29 p.Google Scholar
Resser, C. E. 1937. Third contribution to nomenclature on Cambrian trilobites. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 95(22), 59 p.Google Scholar
Resser, C. E. 1939a. The Spence Shale and its fauna. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 97, 29 p., pls. 1-6.Google Scholar
Resser, C. E. 1939b. The Ptarmigania Strata of the Northern Wasatch Mountains. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 98, 72 p., pls. 1-14.Google Scholar
Resser, C. E. 1945. Cambrian History of the Grand Canyon Region, Pt. II, Cambrian Fossils of the Grand Canyon. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication, 563:171–220.Google Scholar
Richter, R. 1932. Crustacea (Paläontologie), p. 840–864; Figs. A, 1-65. In Dittler, R., Joos, G., Korschelt, E., Linek, G., Oltmanns, F., Schaum, K. (eds.), Handwörtenbuch der Naturwissenschaften, 2nd ed. Gustav Fisher Jena.Google Scholar
Robison, R. A. 1964. Late Middle Cambrian faunas from western Utah. Journal of Paleontology, 38:510–566.Google Scholar
Robison, R. A. 1971. Additional Middle Cambrian trilobites from the Wheeler Shale of Utah. Journal of Paleontology, 45:796–804.Google Scholar
Robison, R. A. 1988. Trilobites of the Holm Dal Formation (late Middle Cambrian) central North Greenland. Meddelelser om Gr⊘nland Geoscience, 20:23–103.Google Scholar
Romano, M., Chang, W. T., Dean, W. T., Edgecombe, G. D., Fortey, R. A., Holloway, D. J., Lane, P. D., Owen, A. W., Owen, R. M., Palmer, A. R., Rushton, A. W. A., Shergold, J. H., Siveter, D. J., and Whyte, M. A. 1993. Arthropoda (Trilobita), p. 279–296. In Benton, M. J. (ed.), The Fossil Record, 2. Chapman and Hall, London.Google Scholar
Rominger, C. 1887. Description of primordial fossils from Mt. Stephens, N. W. Territory of Canada. Proceedings Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia, 1887:12–19.Google Scholar
Schwimmer, D. R. 1975. Quantitative taxonomy and biostratigraphy of Middle Cambrian trilobites from Montana and Wyoming. Mathematical Geology, 7:149–166.Google Scholar
Schwimmer, D. R. 1989. Taxonomy and biostratigraphic significance of some Middle Cambrian trilobites from the Conasauga Formation in western Georgia. Journal of Paleontology, 63:484–94.Google Scholar
Shaw, A. B. 1957. Quantitative trilobite studies, II, Measurement of the dorsal shell of non-agnostidean trilobites. Journal of Paleontology, 31:193–207.Google Scholar
Sundberg, F. A. 1989. Morphological diversification of trilobites within Cambrian biomeres. Geological Society of America, Abstracts and Program, 21(6):288.Google Scholar
Sundberg, F. A. 1990. Morphological Diversification of Ptychopariid Trilobites in the Marjumiid Biomere (Middle to Upper Cambrian). Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, 670 p.Google Scholar
Sundberg, F. A. 1994. Corynexochida and Ptychopariida (Trilobita, Arthropoda) of the Ehmaniella Biozone (Middle Cambrian), Utah and Nevada. Contributions in Science, 446, 137 p. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Sundberg, F. A., and McCollum, L. B. 1997. Oryctocephalids (Corynexochida: Trilobita) of the Lower-Middle Cambrian boundary interval from California and Nevada. Journal of Paleontology, 71:1065–1090.Google Scholar
Swinnerton, H. H. 1915. Suggestions for a revised classification of trilobites. Geological Magazine, new series, 2:407–496, 538-545.Google Scholar
Swofford, D. L. 1993. PAUP: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony, Version 3.1. Computer program distributed by the Illinois Natural History Survey, Campaign, Illinois.Google Scholar
Swofford, D. L., and Begle, D. P. 1993. PAUP Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony, User's Manual. Illinois Natural History Survey, Campaign, Illinois, 257 p.Google Scholar
Walch, J. E. I. 1771. Die Naturgeschichte der Versteinerungen zur Erläuterung der Knorrischen Sammlung von Merkwürkigkeiten der Natur, Volume 4, Pt. 3. Nürnberg, 235 p.Google Scholar
Walcott, C. D. 1884. Paleontology of the Eureka District. United States Geological Survey Monograph, 8, 298 p.Google Scholar
Walcott, C. D. 1886. Second contribution to the studies on the Cambrian faunas of North America. United States Geology Survey Bulletin, 30, 369 p.Google Scholar
Walcott, C. D. 1890. The fauna of the Lower Cambrian or Olenellus zone. United States Geological Survey 10th Annual Report, 1:515–629.Google Scholar
Walcott, C. D. 1908. Cambrian sections of the Cordilleran area. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 53:167–230.Google Scholar
Walcott, C. D. 1916. Cambrian geology and paleontology of Cambrian trilobites. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 64(3):157–258.Google Scholar
Walcott, C. D. 1917. Cambrian geology and paleontology, 3, Fauna of the Mount Whyte Formation. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 67(3):61–114.Google Scholar
Walcott, C. D. 1924. Cambrian and Ozarkian trilobites. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 75:53–60.Google Scholar
Whitehouse, F. W. 1939. The Cambrian faunas of north-eastern Australia, Pt. 3. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, new series, 1:179–282.Google Scholar
Whittington, H. B., Chatterton, B. D. E., Speyer, S. E., Fortey, R. A., Owens, R. M., Chang, W. T., Dean, W. T., Fortey, R. A., Jell, P. A., Laurie, J. R., Palmer, A. R., Repina, L. N., Rushton, A. W. A., Shergold, J. H., Clarkson, E. N. K., Wimot, N. V., and Kelly, S. R. A. 1997. Volume 1: Introduction, Order Agnositda, Order Redlichiida. In Kaesler, R. L. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. O, Arthropoda 1, Trilobita, Revised, 530 p.Google Scholar
Yegorova, L. I., and Savitskiy, V. Y. 1969. Stratigrapfiya i biofatsii kembriya Sibirskoy platformy, Zapadnoe Prianabar” ye [Stratigraphy and biofacies of the Cambrian of the Siberian Platform, western pre-Anabar]. Sibirskii Nauchno-Issledovatel'skii Institut Geologii, Geofiziki i Minerl'nogo Syr'ya (SNIIGGIMS) Trudy, 43, 408 p.Google Scholar
Young, G. A., and Ludvigsen, R. 1989. Mid-Cambrian trilobites from the lowest part of the Cow Head Group, western Newfoundland. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin, 392, 49 p.Google Scholar