Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-25wd4 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T14:09:37.937Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

New viverravids from the Torrejonian (Middle Paleocene) of Kutz Canyon, New Mexico and the oldest skull of the order Carnivora

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2016

T. J. Meehan
Affiliation:
Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center, University of Kansas, 1345 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence 66045-7561,
Robert W. Wilson
Affiliation:
Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center, University of Kansas, 1345 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence 66045-7561,

Abstract

Three new species of Viverravidae (Carnivora: Miacoidea) are described: Protictis simpsoni, P. minor, and Bryanictis paulus. Holotypes and referred specimens are from the Angel Peak area, Kutz Canyon, San Juan Basin, New Mexico and are of middle Torrejonian age (middle Paleocene). The holotype of Protictis simpsoni includes a skull—the oldest known skull of the Order Carnivora. The locality is narrowly restricted stratigraphically and geographically, and specimens are better preserved than most other viverravid specimens of San Juan Basin strata.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bowdich, T. E. 1821. Analysis of the Natural Classifications of Mammalia for the Use of Students and Travellers. J. Smith, Paris, 115 p.Google Scholar
Cope, E. D. 1882. Synopsis of the Vertebrata of the Puerco Eocene Epoch. Paleontological Bulletin, 35:461471.Google Scholar
Cope, E. D. 1884. Second addition to the knowledge of the Puerco Epoch. Paleontological Bulletin, 37:309324.Google Scholar
Denison, R. H. 1938. The broad-skulled Pseudocreodi. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 37:163256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flynn, J. J. 1998. Early Cenozoic Carnivora (“Miacoidea”), p. 110123. In Janis, C. M., Scott, K. M., and Jacobs, L. L. (eds.), Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America, Volume I, Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulatelike Mammals. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Flynn, J. J., and Galiano, H. 1982. Phylogeny of early Tertiary Carnivora, with a description of a new species of Protictis from the middle Eocene of northwestern Wyoming. American Museum Novitates, 2725:164.Google Scholar
Fox, R. C., and Youzwyshyn, G. P. 1994. New primitive Carnivorans (Mammalia) from the Paleocene of western Canada, and their bearing on relationships of the Order. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 14:382404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gingerich, P. D., and Winkler, D. A. 1979. Patterns of variation and correlation in the dentition of the red fox, Vulpes vulpes. Journal of Mammalogy, 60:691704.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gingerich, P. D., and Winkler, D. A. 1985. Systematics of Paleocene Viverravidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) in the Bighorn Basin and Clark's Fork Basin, Wyoming. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, the University of Michigan, 27:87128.Google Scholar
Kay, R. F., and Cartmill, M. 1974. Skull of Palaecthon nacimienti. Nature, 252:3738.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lucas, S. G., Williamson, T. E., and Middleton, M. D. 1997. Catopsalis (Mammalia: Multituberculata) from the Paleocene of New Mexico and Utah: taxonomy and biochronological significance. Journal of Paleontology, 71:484493.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maas, M. C., Anthony, M. R. L., Gingerich, P. D., Gunnell, G. F., and Krause, D. W. 1995. Mammalian generic diversity and turnover in the late Paleocene and early Eocene of the Bighorn and Crazy Mountains basins, Wyoming and Montana. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 115:181207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macintyre, G. T. 1962. Simpsonictis, a new genus of viverravine miacid (Mammalia, Carnivora). American Museum Novitates, 5118:14.Google Scholar
Macintyre, G. T. 1966. The Miacidae (Mammalia, Carnivora), Pt. 1, The systematics of Ictidopappus and Protictis . Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 131:115210.Google Scholar
Matthew, W. D. 1897. A revision of the Puerco fauna. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 9:259323.Google Scholar
Matthew, W. D. 1909. The Carnivora and Insectivora of the Bridger basin, middle Eocene. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History, 9:289567.Google Scholar
Matthew, W. D. 1937. Paleocene faunae of the San Juan Basin, New Mexico. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 30:1510.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pengilly, D. 1984. Developmental versus functional explanations for patterns of variability and correlation in the dentitions of foxes. Journal of Mammalogy, 65:3443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rigby, J. K. Jr. 1980. Swain Quarry of the Fort Union Formation, middle Paleocene (Torrejonian), Carbon County, Wyoming: geologic setting and mammalian fauna. Evolutionary Monographs, 3:1178.Google Scholar
Rohlf, F. J., and Sokal, R. R. 1981. Statistical Tables (second edition). W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, 219 p.Google Scholar
Simpson, G. G. 1937. The Fort Union of the Crazy Mountain Field, Montana and its mammalian faunas. Bulletin of the U.S. National Museum, 169:1287.Google Scholar
Simpson, G. G. 1945. The principles of classification and a classification of mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 85:1350.Google Scholar
Sinclair, W. J., and Granger, W. 1914. Paleocene deposits of the San Juan Basin, New Mexico. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 33:297316.Google Scholar
Sokal, R. R., and Rohlf, F. J. 1981. Biometry (second edition). W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, 859 p.Google Scholar
Standhardt, B. R. 1986. Vertebrate paleontology of the Cretaceous/Tertiary transition of Big Bend, National Park, Texas. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Baton Rouge, 270 p.Google Scholar
Taylor, L. H. 1981. The Kutz Canyon local fauna, Torrejonian (middle Paleocene) of the San Juan Basin, New Mexico, p. 242263. In Lucas, S. G., Rigby, J. K. Jr., and Kues, B. (eds.), Advances in San Juan Basin Paleontology. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Wilson, R. W. 1951. Preliminary survey of a Paleocene faunule from the Angels Peak Area, New Mexico. University of Kansas Publications Museum of Natural History, 5:111.Google Scholar
Wilson, R. W., and Szalay, F. S. 1972. New paromomyid primate from middle Paleocene beds, Kutz Canyon Area, San Juan Basin, New Mexico. American Museum Novitates, 2499:118.Google Scholar
Wortman, J. L., and Matthew, W. D. 1899. The ancestry of certain members of the Canidae, Viverridae, and Procyonidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 12:109138.Google Scholar
Wyss, A. R., and Flynn, J. J. 1993. A phylogenetic analysis and definition of the Carnivora, p. 3252. In Szalay, F. S., Novacek, M. J., and McKenna, M. C. (eds.), Mammal Phylogeny, Volume 2, Placentals. Springer-Verlag, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar