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A new echimyid genus (Rodentia, Caviomorpha) in Central Argentina: uncovered diversity of a Brazilian group of mammals in the Pleistocene

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 September 2019

Adriana M. Candela Open the ORCID record for Adriana M. Candela [Opens in a new window] ,
Marcos Cenizo Open the ORCID record for Marcos Cenizo [Opens in a new window] ,
Daniel Tassara ,
Luciano L. Rasia ,
Céline Robinet ,
Nahuel A. Muñoz ,
Carola Cañón Valenzuela  and
Ulyses F. J. Pardiñas
Adriana M. Candela
Affiliation:
División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, B1900FWA, La Plata, Argentina; CONICET
Marcos Cenizo
Affiliation:
División Paleontología, Museo de Historia Natural de La Pampa, Pellegrini 180, 6300, Santa Rosa, Argentina Fundación de Historia Natural “Félix de Azara”, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Antropología, CEBBAD – Universidad Maimónides, Hidalgo 775, C1405BDB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Daniel Tassara
Affiliation:
Museo Municipal de Ciencias Naturales Pachamama, Niza 1065, Santa Clara del Mar, Argentina
Luciano L. Rasia
Affiliation:
División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, B1900FWA, La Plata, Argentina; CONICET
Céline Robinet
Affiliation:
División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, B1900FWA, La Plata, Argentina; CONICET
Nahuel A. Muñoz
Affiliation:
División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Unidades de Investigación Anexo Museo, 60 y 122, 1900 La Plata, Argentina; CONICET
Carola Cañón Valenzuela
Affiliation:
Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral (IDEAus-CONICET), Boulevard Brown 2915, 9120 Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
Ulyses F. J. Pardiñas
Affiliation:
Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral (IDEAus-CONICET), Boulevard Brown 2915, 9120 Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina Associate Researcher, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INABIO), Quito, Ecuador
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Abstract

We describe a new extinct spiny rat, Proclinodontomys dondasi n. gen. n. sp. (Rodentia, Caviomorpha, Echimyidae), represented by a noteworthy preserved skull and mandible from the early-middle Pleistocene outcrops at the coastal cliffs of SE Buenos Aires Province (Central Argentina). Phylogenetic analyses allow us to propose that the new species described here and the already known Eurzygomatomys mordax (Winge) represent a new genus closely related to the living Euryzygomatomys spinosus and Clyomys laticeps. The new genus differs from Euryzygomatomys and Clyomys by having much more procumbent upper incisors, a more developed fossa for the M. temporalis, more flared and laterally expanded zygomatic arches, frontal less markedly expanded posteriorly, jugals much deeper anteriorly than posteriorly, with the dorsal border descending more abruptly posteriorly, smaller orbital cavity, and external auditory meatus relatively smaller and slanted upward and backward. Several features of the new species reflect a higher degree of adaptation to semifossorial habits than those of E. spinosus. The origin of the semifossorial ecomorphotype within echimyids may have been triggered by the expansion of relatively open and arid environments that arose near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary. The record of this new echimyid in Central Argentina indicates that during the early-middle Pleistocene, the southern limit of the geographic range of extinct representatives of the Brazilian lineage of semifossorial echimyids extended farther south than that of their living members.

UUID: http://zoobank.org/c30ec1fe-4352-4867-a02f-e0d45c884bfe

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Articles
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 94 , Issue 1 , January 2020 , pp. 165 - 179
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Copyright © 2019, The Paleontological Society 

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