Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-qxdb6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T10:39:06.565Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The last pteraspids (Vertebrata, Heterostraci): new material from the Middle Devonian of Alberta and Idaho

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 April 2020

David K. Elliott Open the ORCID record for David K. Elliott [Opens in a new window] ,
Linda S. Lassiter  and
Kathryn E. Geyer
David K. Elliott
Affiliation:
Division of Geology, School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona86011-4099, USA ,
Linda S. Lassiter
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona86011-5640, U.S.A.
Kathryn E. Geyer
Affiliation:
Division of Geology, School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona86011-4099, USA ,
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This report documents the last pteraspids, (armored, jawless members of the Heterostraci), which are otherwise only known from the Early Devonian of the Old Red Sandstone Continent. Tuberculate pteraspid heterostracans are described from the Middle Devonian beds of two formations in western North America. The late Givetian Yahatinda Formation of Alberta and British Columbia consists of channels cut into lower Paleozoic rocks and represents deposition in marine to littoral environments. Clavulaspis finis (Elliott et al., 2000a) new combination is redescribed from additional material from the Yahatinda Formation and reassigned to the new genus Clavulaspis because the original genus name is invalid. The Eifelian Spring Mountain beds of Idaho consist of a large channel that represents a clastic-dominated estuarine environment. It contains Scutellaspis wilsoni new genus new species, and the previously described species from the Spring Mountain beds is redescribed and reassigned to Ecphymaspis new genus, which was prompted by new material and a review of the validity of the original genus name. Phylogenetic analysis shows that these three new taxa form part of the derived clade Protaspididae.

UUID: http://zoobank.org/9cf09b21-cec1-4ce4-bc2b-658d0b515e10

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 94 , Issue 4 , July 2020 , pp. 758 - 772
Copyright
Copyright © 2020, The Paleontological Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aitken, J.D., 1966, Sub-Fairholme Devonian rocks of the eastern Front Ranges, southern Rocky Mountains, Alberta: Geological Survey of Canada Paper 64-33, p. 1–88.Google Scholar
Berg, L.S., 1937, A classification of fish-like vertebrates: Bulletin of the Academy of Science of the URSS, Biology series, p. 1277–1280. [in English and Russian]Google Scholar
Blieck, A., 1984, Les Hétérostracés Ptéraspidiformes, Agnathes du Silurien-Dévonien du Continent Nord-Atlantique et des blocs avoisinants: Révision systématique, phylogénie, biostratigraphie, biogéographie: Cahiers de Paléontologie (Vertébrés), C.N.R.S.,Paris, 199 p.Google Scholar
Blieck, A., and Goujet, D., 1983, Zascinaspis laticephala nov. sp. (Agnatha, Heterostraci) du Dévonien inférieur du Spitsberg: Annales de Paléontologie, v. 5, p. 43–56.Google Scholar
Blieck, A., Cloutier, R., with contributions by Elliott, D.K., Goujet, D., Loboziak, S., Reed, R.C., Rodina, O., Steemans, P., Valiukevicius, J.J., V'yushkova, L., Yolkin, E.A., and Young, V.T., 2000, Biostratigraphical correlations of Early Devonian vertebrate assemblages of the Old Red Sandstone Continent, in Blieck, A., and Turner, S. eds., Palaeozoic Vertebrate Biochronology and Global Marine/Non-Marine Correlation—Final Report of IGCP 328 (1991–1996): Courier Forschungs-Institut Senckenberg, v. 223, p. 223–269.Google Scholar
Claypole, E.W., 1885, On the recent discovery of pteraspidian fish in the Upper Silurian rocks of North America: Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 41, p. 48–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Congreve, C.R., and Lamsdell, J.C., 2016, Implied weighting and its utility in palaeontological datasets: a study using modelled phylogenetic matrices: Palaeontology, v. 59, p. 447–462.Google Scholar
Dehler, C.M., 1995, Paleoenvironmental and stratigraphic analysis of Lower Devonian Beartooth Butte Formation and associated strata, central-eastern Idaho [M.S. thesis]: Flagstaff, Northern Arizona University, 155 p.Google Scholar
Denison, R.H., 1953, Early Devonian fishes from Utah. Part II. Heterostraci: Fieldiana, Geology, v. 11, p. 291–355.Google Scholar
Denison, R.H., 1968, Middle Devonian fishes from the Lemhi Range, Idaho: Fieldiana, Geology, v. 16, p. 269–288.Google Scholar
Denison, R.H., 1970, Revised classification of Pteraspididae with description of new forms from Wyoming: Fieldiana, Geology, v. 20, p. 1–41.Google Scholar
Denison, R.H., 1973, Growth and wear of the shield in Pteraspididae (Agnatha): Palaeontographica, Band 143, Abt. A, p. 1–10.Google Scholar
Dineley, D.L., and Loeffler, E.J., 1976, Ostracoderm faunas of the Delorme and associated Siluro-Devonian formations North West Territories Canada: Special Papers in Paleontology, v. 15, p. 1–214.Google Scholar
Elliott, D.K., and Dineley, D.L., 1983, New species of Protopteraspis (Agnatha, Heterostraci) from the (?) Upper Silurian to Lower Devonian of Northwest Territories, Canada: Journal of Paleontology, v. 57, p. 474–494.Google Scholar
Elliott, D.K., and. Johnson, H.G., 1997, Use of vertebrates to solve biostratigraphic problems: examples from the Lower and Middle Devonian of western North America, in Klapper, G., Murphy, M.A., and Talent, J.A., eds., Paleozoic Sequence Stratigraphy, Biostratigraphy, and Biogeography: Studies in Honor of J. Granville (“Jess”) Johnson: Geological Society of America, Special Paper 321, p. 179–188.Google Scholar
Elliott, D.K., Dineley, D.L., and Johnson, H.G., 2000a, A vertebrate fauna from the Middle Devonian Yahatinda Formation of southwestern Canada: Journal of Paleontology, v. 74, p. 123–132.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elliott, D.K., Johnson, H.G., Cloutier, R., Carr, R.K., and Daeschler, E.B., 2000b, Middle and Late Devonian vertebrates of the western Old Red Sandstone Continent, in Blieck, A.R.M, and Turner, S., eds., IGCP 328 Final Report: Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, p. 291–308.Google Scholar
Elliott, D.K., Schultze, H-P., and Blieck, A., 2015, A new pteraspid (Agnatha, Heterostraci) from the Lower Devonian Drake Bay Formation, Prince of Wales Island, Nunavut, Arctic Canada, and comments on environmental preferences of pteraspids: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 35, DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2015.1005098CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glinskiy, V., 2017, Phylogenetic relationships of psammosteid heterostracans (Pteraspidiformes), Devonian jawless vertebrates: Biological Communications, v. 62, p. 219–243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goloboff, P.A., and Catalano, S.A., 2016, TNT version 1.5, including a full implementation of phylogenetic morphometrics: Cladistics, v. 32, 221–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodrich, E.S., 1909, Part. IX. Vertebrata Craniata (First Fascicle: Cyclostomes and Fishes), in Lankester, R., ed., A Treatise on Zoology: London, Adam and Charles Black, p. 1–518.Google Scholar
Greggs, R.G., McGregor, D.C., and Rouse, G.E., 1962, Devonian plants from the type section of the Ghost River Formation of Western Alberta: Science, v. 35, p. 930–931.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ilyes, R.R., and Elliott, D.K., 1994, New Early Devonian pteraspidids (Agnatha, Heterostraci) from East-central Nevada: Journal of Paleontology, v. 68, p. 878–892.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janvier, P., 1996, Early Vertebrates: Oxford Monographs on Geology and Geophysics: Oxford, Oxford Science Publications, Clarendon Press, Oxford, v. 33, 393 p.Google Scholar
Janvier, P., and Blieck, A., 1993, The Silurian–Devonian agnathan biostratigraphy of the Old Red Continent, in Long, J.A., ed., Palaeozoic Vertebrate Biostratigraphy and Biogeography: London, Belhaven Press, p. 67–86.Google Scholar
Johnson, J. G., and Sandberg, C.A., 1977, Lower and Middle Devonian continental-shelf rocks of the western United States, in Murphy, M.A., Berry, W.B.N., and Sandberg, C.A., eds., Western North America: Devonian: University of California, Riverside Campus Museum Contribution 4, p. 121–143.Google Scholar
Johnson, J.G., Sandberg, C.A., and Poole, F.G., 1989, Early and Middle Devonian paleogeography of the western United States, in McMillan, N.J., Embry, A.F., and Glass, D.J., eds., Devonian of the World: Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir 14, p. 161–182.Google Scholar
Kiaer, J., 1932, The Downtonian and Devonian vertebrates of Spitsbergen. IV, Suborder Cyathaspida: Skrifter om Svalbard og Ishavet, v. 52, p. 5–26.Google Scholar
Lankester, E.R., 1868, On the discovery of the remains of cephalaspidian fishes in Devonshire and Cornwall; and on the identity of Steganodictyum M'Coy, with genera of these fishes: Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 15, p. 41–50.Google Scholar
Lankester, E.R., 1884, Report on fragments of fossil fishes from the Palaeozoic strata of Spitsbergen: Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Academiens Handlingar, v. 20, p. 1–6.Google Scholar
Lundgren, M., and Blom, H., 2013, Phylogenetic relationships of the cyathaspidids (Heterostraci): Geologiska föreningens i Stockholm förhandlingar (GFF), v. 135, p. 74–84.Google Scholar
Maddison, D.R., Swofford, D.L., and Maddison, W.P., 1997, NEXUS: an extensible file format for systematic information: Systematic Biology, v. 46, p. 590–621.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maddison, W.P., and Maddison, D.R., 2017, Mesquite: a modular system for evolutionary analysis, version 3.2 http://mesquiteproject.org.Google Scholar
McGregor, D.C., 1963, Paleobotanical evidence for the age of basal Devonian strata at Ghost River, Alberta: Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, v. 11, p. 299–303.Google Scholar
McGregor, D.C., 1964, Devonian miospores from the Ghost River Formation, Alberta: Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin, v. 109, p. 31.Google Scholar
McKenzie, H.L., 1963, Miscellaneous diaspidid scale studies, including a new asterolecaniid from Florida (Homoptera; Coccoidea; Diaspididae; Asterolecaniidae). Scale studies Part XV: Bulletin of the California Agricultural Experiment Station, v. 52, p. 29–39.Google Scholar
Ørvig, T., 1961, Notes on some early representatives of the Drepanaspida (Pteraspidomorphi, Heterostraci): Arkiv för Zoologi, v. 12, p. 515–535.Google Scholar
Ørvig, T., 1976, Paleohistological Notes, 3. The interpretation of pleromin (pleromic hard tissue) in the dermal skeleton of psammosteid heterostracans: Zoologica Scripta, v. 5, p. 35–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pernègre, V.N., 2002, The genus Doryaspis White (Heterostraci) from the Lower Devonian of Vestspitsbergen, Svalbard: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 22, p. 735–746.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pernègre, V.N., and Elliott, D.K., 2008, Phylogeny of the Pteraspidiformes (Heterostraci), Silurian-Devonian jawless vertebrates: Zoologica Scripta, v. 37, p. 391–403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pernègre, V.N., and Goujet, D., 2007, The genus Gigantaspis Heintz, 1962 (Vertebrata, Heterostraci) from the Lower Devonian of Spitsbergen: Palaeontology, v. 50, p. 323–346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poole, F.G., Sandberg, C.A., and Boucot, A.J., 1977, Silurian and Devonian paleogeography of the western United States, in Stewart, J.H., Stevens, C.H., and Fritsche, A.E., eds., Paleozoic Paleogeography of the Western United States: Pacific Coast Paleogeography Symposium 1: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Section, p. 39–65.Google Scholar
Randle, E., and Sansom, R.S., 2016, Exploring phylogenetic relationships of Pteraspidiformes heterostracans (stem-gnathostomes) using continuous and discrete characters: Journal of Systematic Paleontology, v. 15, p. 583–599.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Randle, E., and Sansom, R.S., 2017, Phylogenetic relationships of the ‘higher heterostracans’ (Heterostraci: Pteraspidiformes and Cyathaspididae), extinct jawless vertebrates: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, v. 181, p. 910–926.Google Scholar
Reed, R.C., 1997, Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Lower and Middle Devonian Water Canyon Formation, northern Utah [M.S. thesis]: Flagstaff, Northern Arizona University, 322 p.Google Scholar
Sandberg, C.A., Poole, F.G., and Johnson, J.G., 1988, Upper Devonian of the western United States, in McMillan, N.J., Embry, A.F., and Glass, D.J., eds., Devonian of the World, Volume1, Regional Synthesis: Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, p. 183–220.Google Scholar
Schlüter, C., 1887, Über Panzerfische und legte neue Arten aus dem Rheinisch-Westfalischen Devon vor: Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereines der Preussischen Rheinlande und Westphalens (Naturwissenschaftliche Sektion), v. 44, p. 120–128.Google Scholar
Swofford, D.L., 2003, PAUP* version 4.0 b10. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony and other methods: Sunderland MA, Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar
Tarlo, L.B.H., 1964, Psammosteiformes (Agnatha)—A review with descriptions of new material from the Lower Devonian of Poland. 1. General part: Palaeontologica Polonica, v. 13, p. 1–135.Google Scholar
Tarlo, L.B.H., 1965, Psammosteiformes (Agnatha)—A review with descriptions of new material from the Lower Devonian of Poland. II. Systematic part: Palaeontologica Polonica, v. 15, p. 1–168.Google Scholar
Toombs, H.A., and Rixon, A.E., 1959, The use of acids in the preparation of vertebrate Fossils: Curator, v. 11, p. 304–312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walcott, C.D., 1921, Geological exploration in the Canadian Rockies: Smithsonian Miscellaneous Contributions, v. 72, p. 1–10.Google Scholar
Williams, J.S., and Taylor, M.E., 1964, The Lower Devonian Water Canyon Formation of northern Utah: Contributions to Geology of the University of Wyoming, v. 3, p. 38–53.Google Scholar