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A combined mesowear analysis of Mexican Bison antiquus shows a generalist diet with geographical variation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 June 2018

Roberto Díaz-Sibaja Open the ORCID record for Roberto Díaz-Sibaja [Opens in a new window] ,
Eduardo Jiménez-Hidalgo Open the ORCID record for Eduardo Jiménez-Hidalgo [Opens in a new window] ,
Javier Ponce-Saavedra  and
María Luisa García-Zepeda
Roberto Díaz-Sibaja
Affiliation:
Programa Institucional de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán de Ocampo, México 〈roberto.diaz.sibaja@gmail.com〉
Eduardo Jiménez-Hidalgo
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Paleobiología, Instituto de Recursos, Campus Puerto Escondido, Universidad del Mar, Oaxaca, México 〈eduardojh@zicatela.umar.mx〉
Javier Ponce-Saavedra
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Entomología, ‘Biologo Sócrates Cisneros Paz,’ Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán de Ocampo, México 〈ponce.javier0691@gmail.com〉
María Luisa García-Zepeda
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Paleontología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán de Ocampo, México 〈gzepeda@zeus.umich.mx〉
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Abstract

Bison antiquus Leidy, 1852 was one of the largest and most widely distributed megafaunal species during the Late Pleistocene in North America, giving rise to the modern plains bison in the middle Holocene. Despite the importance of the ancient bison, little is known about its feeding ecology. We employed a combination of extended mesowear, and mesowear III to infer the dietary preference and habitat use of three Mexican samples of B. antiquus. These included two northern samples—La Piedad-Santa Ana and La Cinta-Portalitos—from the Transmexican Volcanic Belt morphotectonic Province, as well as one southern sample—Viko Vijin—from the Sierra Madre del Sur morphotectonic province. We found that the northern Mexican samples were primarily nonstrict grazers, whereas the southern sample displays a pattern consistent with mixed feeding habits. This suggests variability among the diets of the bison from these samples, caused by different paleoenvironments. This evidence complements the paleoenvironmental reconstructions in the studied localities; for the northern samples, open prairies composed of patches of woodland or shrubland and, for the southern locality, a fluvial floodplain with short-lived vegetation. In both scenarios, grasses (Poaceae) were nondominant. The dietary habits of our samples of ancient bison in Mexico are the southernmost dietary inference for the species in North America and expand our knowledge of the dietary habits of B. antiquus during the Late Pleistocene.

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Articles
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 92 , Issue 6 , November 2018 , pp. 1130 - 1139
Copyright
Copyright © 2018, The Paleontological Society 

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