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Barremian bivalves from the Huitrín Formation, west-central Argentina: taxonomy and paleoecology of a restricted marine association

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 July 2015

Dario G. Lazo  and
Susana E. Damborenea
Dario G. Lazo
Affiliation:
1Instituto de Estudios Andinos Don Pablo Groeber, Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina,
Susana E. Damborenea
Affiliation:
2Departamento de Paleontología de Invertebrados, Museo de Ciencias Naturales de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, La Plata 1900, Argentina,
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Abstract

The Cretaceous Huitrín Formation in west-central Argentina records the final connection of the Neuquén Basin to the Pacific Ocean. This formation is comprised of a variety of continental to marginal-marine sediments deposited behind an Andean volcanic arc under warm, arid paleoclimatic conditions. Here we focus on a bivalve fauna from carbonate ramp deposits within the Barremian La Tosca Member of the Huitrín Formation. This fauna is very abundant and widely distributed within the basin but, surprisingly, it has not yet been studied in detail. In addition, paleoenvironmental affinities remain unresolved, with the fauna variously interpreted as having freshwater, brackish, and marine affinities. We studied the fauna's taxonomy and paleoecology based on more than 500 specimens collected at ten fossil localities in combination with new field observations. The bivalve assemblage was recorded from middle to outer carbonate ramp deposits and is composed of five taxa of marine affinity: Phelopteria huitriniana n. sp., Isognomon cf. I. nanus (Behrendsen), Placunopsis? pichi n. sp., Anthonya jarai n. sp., and Argenticyprina mulensis n. gen. n. sp.; the first three may be regarded as eurytopic and/or opportunistic. Reduced diversity, low evenness, overall small size (length <4 cm), thin shells, eurytopic or opportunistic life strategies, and high endemism point to a restricted marine setting for the La Tosca Member. The most important limiting factors likely were low primary productivity and fluctuating salinity and temperature, as conditions inferred for the unit include high evaporation rates combined with low continental runoff and reduced rainfall. Thick evaporite deposits below and above La Tosca Member and thin intercalated gypsum beds support a restricted, hypersaline setting.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 85 , Issue 4 , July 2011 , pp. 719 - 743
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Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

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