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Ascaulocardium Armatum (Morton, 1833), New Genus (Late Cretaceous): The Ultimate Variation on the Bivalve Paradigm

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 August 2017

John Pojeta Jr.  and
Norman F. Sohl
John Pojeta Jr.
Affiliation:
U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C. 20560
Norman F. Sohl
Affiliation:
U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C. 20560
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Abstract

Cretaceous clavagellid pelecypods are a poorly known group, and have previously received little study. Ascaulocardium armatum is conchologically the most complex burrowing pelecypod known. From the study of living clavagellids, it is possible to interpret the various tubes extending outward from the adventitious crypt of A. armatum as devices for hydraulic burrowing and deposit feeding. The conchologically complex A. armatum occurs near the beginning of the history of the Clavagellidae, and does not seem to have given rise to any younger species. Ascaulocardium armatum is known only from the Upper Cretaceous rocks (Santonian–Maastrichtian) of the east Gulf and Atlantic Coastal Plains of the United States of America, as is probably the genus Ascaulocardium. All known Cretaceous clavagellids are burrowing species having a free right valve, and this is the ancestral mode of life of the Clavagellidae. Clavagellids that have a boring habit are a more recent evolutionary development, as are burrowing species having both juvenile valves cemented to the crypt. Clavagellids probably evolved from Jurassic–Early Cretaceous pholadomyids. Almost all Cretaceous clavagellids occur outside the Tethyan Zoogeographic Realm; this distribution is in marked contrast to the modern distribution of the family. Living species mostly inhabit clear, shallow seas in subtropical to tropical shelf areas.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 61 , Issue S24: Paleontological Society Memoir 24. Ascaulocardium Armatum (Morton, 1833), New Genus (Late Cretaceous): The Ultimate Variation on the Bivalve Paradigm , November 1987 , pp. 1 - 77
Copyright
Copyright © 1987 by The Paleontological Society, Inc. 

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