Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-8bljj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-07T17:03:34.506Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Advanced cladid crinoids from the middle Mississippian of the east-central United States: advanced-grade calyces

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2016

Thomas W. Kammer  and
William I. Ausich
Thomas W. Kammer
Affiliation:
Department of Geology and Geography, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 6300, Morgantown 26506-6300
William I. Ausich
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Species of the late Osagean and early Meramecian advanced cladid crinoid genera (suborder Poteriocrinina) Adinocrinus, Eratocrinus, Lekocrinus n. gen., Linocrinus, Sarocrinus, and Worthenocrinus n. gen. from Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, and Missouri are redescribed and redefined from study of type material and museum collections. These species are considered to have advanced-grade calyces because of the substantial size reduction of the infrabasals and basals relative to the radials. Nomenclatural and systematic changes include the following: 1) Eratocrinus coxanus (Worthen, 1882) is a senior synonym of Zeacrinus keokuk Worthen, 1882; 2) E. commaticus (Miller, 1891a) is a senior synonym of Z. blairi Miller and Gurley, 1895; 3) Lekocrinus n. gen. is described and Scaphiocrinus divaricatus Hall, 1860, and Z. planobrachiatus Meek and Worthen, 1860, are assigned to this new genus; 4) Linocrinus praemorsus (Miller and Gurley, 1890a) is a senior synonym of Poteriocrinus lautus Miller and Gurley, 1896; 5) Sarocrinus kirki n. sp. is described; 6) P. varsoviensis Worthen, 1882, is assigned to Sarocrinus and is a senior synonym of P. tentaculatus Worthen, 1883, P. granilineus Miller and Gurley, 1890a, Z. pocillum Miller, 1891b, S. nitidus Kirk, 1942, and S. plenus Kirk, 1942; 7) P. asperatus Worthen, 1882, is assigned to Sarocrinus; 8) Worthenocrinus n. gen. is described and W. paterus n. sp. is assigned to this new genus; 9) Poteriocrinus iowensis Worthen, 1882, is considered a nomen dubium and placed in incertae sedis.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 68 , Issue 2 , March 1994 , pp. 339 - 351
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ausich, W. I. 1983. Component concept for the study of paleocommunities with an example from the Early Carboniferous of southern Indiana. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 44:251–282.Google Scholar
Ausich, W. I., and Lane, N. G. 1980. Platform communities and rocks of the Borden siltstone delta (Mississippian) along the south shore of Monroe Reservoir, Monroe County, Indiana, p. 36–67. In Shaver, R. H. (ed.), Field Trips 1980 from the Indiana University Campus, Bloomington. Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana.Google Scholar
Ausich, W. I., and Lane, N. G. 1982. Crinoids from the Edwardsville Formation (Lower Mississippian) of southern Indiana. Journal of Paleontology, 56:1343–1361.Google Scholar
Ausich, W. I., and Lane, N. G. 1985. Crinoid assemblages and geographic endemism in the Lower Mississippian (Carboniferous) of the United States Continental Interior, p. 216–224. In Dutro, J. T. Jr., and Pfefferkorn, H. W. (eds.), Neuvième Congrès International de Stratigraphie et de Géologie du Carbonifère, Compte Rendu, Volume 5, Paleontology/Paleoecology/Paleogeography.Google Scholar
Bassler, R. S., and Moodey, M. W. 1943. Bibliographic and faunal index of Paleozoic pelmatozoan echinoderms. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 45, 734 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brower, J. C. 1978. Camerates, p. T244–T263. In Moore, R. C. and Teichert, C., (eds.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part T, Echinodermata 2(2). Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Hall, J. 1858. Report on the Geological Survey of Iowa embracing the results of investigations made during portions of the years 1855, 856, 1857. Geological Survey of Iowa, Volume 1, Parts 1 and 2, 724 p.Google Scholar
Hall, J. 1860. Contributions to the palaeontology of Iowa: being descriptions of new species of Crinoidea and other fossils. Iowa Geological Survey, 1(2) supplement, 94 p.Google Scholar
Hall, J. 1861. Descriptions of new species of Crinoidea and other fossils, from the Carboniferous rocks of the Mississippi Valley. Iowa Geological Survey Report of Investigations, Preliminary Notice. Albany, New York, 19 p.Google Scholar
Jaekel, O. 1918. Phylogenie und System der Pelmatozoen. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 3(1):1–128.Google Scholar
Kammer, T. W. 1984. Crinoids from the New Providence Shale Member of the Borden Formation (Mississippian) in Kentucky and Indiana. Journal of Paleontology, 58:115–130.Google Scholar
Kammer, T. W., and Ausich, W. I. 1987. Aerosol suspension feeding and current velocities: distributional controls for late Osagean crinoids. Paleobiology, 13:379–395.Google Scholar
Kammer, T. W., and Ausich, W. I. 1992. Advanced cladid crinoids from the Middle Mississippian of the east-central United States: primitive-grade calyces. Journal of Paleontology, 66:461–480.Google Scholar
Kammer, T. W., and Ausich, W. I. 1993. Advanced cladid crinoids from the Middle Mississippian of the east-central United States: intermediate-grade calyces. Journal of Paleontology, 67:614–639.Google Scholar
Kammer, T. W., Brenckle, P. L., Carter, J. L., and Ausich, W. I. 1990. Redefinition of the Osagean-Meramecian boundary in the Mississippian stratotype region. Palaios, 5:414–431.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keyes, C. R. 1894. Paleontology of Missouri, Part 1. Missouri Geological Survey, 4:143–225.Google Scholar
Kirk, E. 1938. Five new genera of Carboniferous Crinoidea Inadunata. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 28:158–172.Google Scholar
Kirk, E. 1942. Sarocrinus, a new crinoid genus from the Lower Mississippian. Journal of Paleontology, 16:382–386.Google Scholar
Lane, N. G. 1972. Synecology of Middle Mississippian (Carboniferous) crinoid communities in Indiana. 24t. International Geological Congress, Comptes Rendues Section, 7:89–94.Google Scholar
Lane, N. G. 1973. Paleontology and paleoecology of the Crawfordsville fossil site (Upper Osagian: Indiana). University of California Publications in Geological Sciences, 99:1–147.Google Scholar
McNamara, K. J. 1986. A guide to the nomenclature of heterochrony. Journal of Paleontology, 60:4–13.Google Scholar
Meek, F. B., and Worthen, A. H. 1860. Description of new species of Crinoidea and Echinoidea from the Carboniferous rocks of Illinois, and other western states. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Proceedings, Series 2, 4:379–397.Google Scholar
Meek, F. B., and Worthen, A. H. 1866. Descriptions of invertebrates from the Carboniferous System. Illinois Geological Survey, 2:143–411.Google Scholar
Miller, J. S. 1821. A Natural History of the Crinoidea or Lily-Shaped Animals, with Observation on the genera Asteria, Euryale, Comatula, and Marsupites. Bryan and Company, Bristol, England, 150 p.Google Scholar
Miller, S. A. 1891a. Paleontology. Advance Sheets from the Indiana Department of Geology and Natural Resources Annual Report 17, 103 p.Google Scholar
Miller, S. A. 1891b. A description of some lower Carboniferous crinoids from Missouri. Missouri Geological Survey Bulletin, 4, 40 p.Google Scholar
Miller, S. A. 1892. Palaeontology. Indiana Department of Geology and Natural Resources Annual report, 17:611–705.Google Scholar
Miller, S. A. 1897. Second appendix to North American Geology and Palaeontology. Privately published by author, Cincinnati, Ohio, p. 719–793.Google Scholar
Miller, S. A., and Gurley, W. F. E. 1890a. Description of some new genera and species of Echinodermata from the Coal Measures and Subcarboniferous rocks on Indiana, Missouri, and Iowa. Private publication, 59 p.Google Scholar
Miller, S. A., and Gurley, W. F. E. 1890b. Description of some new genera and species of Echinodermata from the Coal Measures and Subcarboniferous rocks of Indiana, Missouri, and Iowa. Indiana Department of Geology and Natural History Annual report, 16:327–373.Google Scholar
Miller, S. A., and Gurley, W. F. E. 1894. New genera and species of Echinodermata. Illinois State Museum of Natural History Bulletin, 5, 53 p.Google Scholar
Miller, S. A., and Gurley, W. F. E. 1895. New and interesting species of Paleozoic fossils. Illinois State Museum of Natural History Bulletin, 7, 89 p.Google Scholar
Miller, S. A., and Gurley, W. F. E. 1896. New species of crinoids from Illinois and other states. Illinois State Museum of Natural History Bulletin, 9, 66 p.Google Scholar
Moore, R. C. 1962. Ray structures of some inadunate crinoids. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 17, 47 p.Google Scholar
Moore, R. C., and Laudon, L. R. 1943. Evolution and classification of Paleozoic crinoids. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 46, 167 p.Google Scholar
Moore, R. C., and Laudon, L. R. 1944. Class Crinoidea, p. 137–209. In Shimer, H. W. and Shrock, R. R. (eds.), Index Fossils of North America. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.Google Scholar
Moore, R. C., and Plummer, F. B. 1940. Crinoids from the Upper Carboniferous and Permian strata in Texas. University of Texas Bulletin University of Texas Bulletin, 468 p.Google Scholar
Moore, R. C., Strimple, H. L., and Lane, N. G. 1978. Suborder Poteriocrinina, p. T630–T756. In Moore, R. C. and Teichert, C. (eds.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part T, Echinodermata 2(2). Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Springer, F. 1911. Some new American fossil crinoids. Harvard College, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Memoir 25:117–161.Google Scholar
Springer, F. 1926. Unusual forms of fossil crinoids. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 67(9):1–137.Google Scholar
Strimple, H. L. 1961. Late Desmoinesian crinoid faunule from Oklahoma. Oklahoma Geological Survey, Bulletin 93, 189 p.Google Scholar
Strimple, H. L. 1978. Evolutionary trends among Poteriocrinina, p. T298–T301. In Moore, R. C. and Teichert, C. (eds.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part T, Echinodermata 2(1). Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Ubaghs, G. 1978. Skeletal morphology of fossil crinoids, p. T58–T216. In Moore, R. C. and Teichert, C. (eds.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part T, Echinodermata 2(1). Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Van Sant, J. F. 1964. Crawfordsville crinoids, p. 34–136. In Van Sant, J. F. and Lane, N. G., Crawfordsville (Indiana) crinoid studies. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Article 7.Google Scholar
Van Sant, J. F., and Lane, N. G. 1964. Crawfordsville (Indiana crinoid studies. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Article University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Article, 136 p.Google Scholar
Wachsmuth, C., and Springer, F. 1886. Revision of the Palaeocrinidae, Pt. 3, Sec. 2, Discussion of the classification and relations of the brachiate crinoids, and conclusion of the generic descriptions. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for 1885:64–226(140-302).Google Scholar
Webster, G. D. 1973. Bibliography and index of Paleozoic crinoids 1942-1968. Geological Society of America, Memoir 137, 341 p.Google Scholar
Webster, G. D. 1986. Bibliography and index of Paleozoic crinoids 1974-1980. Geological Society of American Microform Publication, 16, 405 p.Google Scholar
Weller, S. 1898. A bibliographic index of Carboniferous invertebrates. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 153, 653 p.Google Scholar
Worthen, A. H. 1882. Descriptions of fifty-four new species of crinoids from the Lower Carboniferous limestones and Coal Measures of Illinois and Iowa. Illinois State Museum of Natural History Bulletin, 1(Article 1):3–38.Google Scholar
Worthen, A. H. 1883. Description of fossil invertebrates. Illinois Geological Survey, 7:269–322.Google Scholar