Hostname: page-component-84b7d79bbc-dwq4g Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-29T23:20:54.020Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Formation of mixed oxide powders in flames: Part II. SiO2−GeO2 and Al2O3−TiO2

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Cheng-Hung Hung ,
Philippe F. Miquel  and
Joseph L. Katz
Cheng-Hung Hung
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
Philippe F. Miquel
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
Joseph L. Katz
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
Get access

Abstract

SiO2−GeO2 and Al2O3−TiO2 mixed oxide powders were synthesized using a counterflow diffusion flame burner. SiCl4, GeCl4, Al(CH3)3, and TiCl4 were used as source materials for the formation of oxide particles in hydrogen-oxygen flames. In situ particle sizes were determined using dynamic light-scattering. Powders were collected using two different methods, a thermophoretic method (particles are collected onto carbon coated TEM grids) and an electrophoretic method (particles are collected onto stainless steel strips). Their size, morphology, and crystalline form were examined using a transmission electron microscope and an x-ray diffractometer. A photomultiplier at 90° to the argon ion laser beam was used to measure the light-scattering intensity. The formation of the mixed oxides was investigated using Si to Ge and Al to Ti ratios of 3:5 and 1:1, respectively. Heterogeneous nucleation of the SiO2 on the surface of the GeO2 was observed. In Al2O3−TiO2 mixtures, both oxide particles form at the same temperature. X-ray diffraction analysis of particles sampled at temperatures higher than 1553 K showed the presence of rutile, γ–Al2O3, and aluminum titanate. Although the particle formation process for SiO2−GeO2 is very different from that for Al2O3−TiO2, both mixed oxides result in very uniform mixtures.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 7 , Issue 7 , July 1992 , pp. 1870 - 1875
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Hung, C. H. and Katz, J. L., J. Mater. Res. 7, 1861 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Chung, S. L. and Katz, J. L., Combustion and Flame 61, 271 (1985).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Katz, J. L. and Hung, C. H., “Ultrafine Refractory Particle Formation in Counterflow Diffusion Flames,” Combust. Sci. Technol. 82, 169 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Ungar, S., Fibre Optics, Theory and Application (John Wiley, New York, 1990).Google Scholar
5.Nagel, S. R., MacChesney, J. B., and Walker, K. L., IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-18, 459 (1982).Google Scholar
6.Izawa, T., Kobayashi, S., Sudo, S., and Hanawa, F., in Tech. Dig. 2nd Int. Conf. Int. Opt., Opt. Fiber Commun., Tokyo, Japan, 1977.Google Scholar
7.Gauckler, L. J., in High-tech Ceramics, edited by Kostorz, G. (Academic Press, New York, 1989), p. 62.Google Scholar
8.Okamura, H., Barringer, E. A., and Bowen, H. K., J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 69, C22 (1986).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Freudenberg, B. and Mocellin, A., J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 70, 33 (1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Freudenberg, B. and Mocellin, A., J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 71, 22 (1988).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Pecora, R., Dynamic Light Scattering (Plenum Press, New York, 1985).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Hung, C. H., Ph.D. Thesis, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 1991.Google Scholar
13.Katz, J. L. and Hung, C. H., 23rd Int. Symp. on Combustion (The Combustion Institute, 1990), p. 1733.Google Scholar
14.French, W. G., Pace, L. J., and Foertmeyer, V. A., J. Phys. Chem. 82, 2191 (1978).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Powell, C. F., Oxley, J. H., and Blocher, J. M., Jr., Vapor Deposition (John Wiley, New York, 1966).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Lang, S. M., Fillmore, C. L., and Maxwell, L. H., J. Nat. Bur. Stand. 48, 298 (1952).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Kato, E., Daimon, K., and Takahashi, J., J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 63, 356 (1980).Google Scholar