Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-25wd4 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T05:44:28.863Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Surface and subsurface contributions to the build-up of forces on bed particles

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 July 2018

Alessandro Leonardi Open the ORCID record for Alessandro Leonardi [Opens in a new window] ,
D. Pokrajac ,
F. Roman ,
F. Zanello  and
V. Armenio
Alessandro Leonardi*
Affiliation:
Idrostudi Srl, Loc. Padiciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy
D. Pokrajac
Affiliation:
School of Engineering, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
F. Roman
Affiliation:
Iefluids Srl, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
F. Zanello
Affiliation:
Idrostudi Srl, Loc. Padiciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy
V. Armenio
Affiliation:
Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
*
†Email address for correspondence: alessandro.leonardi.ing@gmail.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In nature and in many industrial applications, the boundary of a channel flow is made of solid particles which form a porous wall, so that there is a mutual influence between the free flow and the subsurface flow developing inside the pores. While the influence of the porous wall on the free flow has been well studied, less well characterized is the subsurface flow, due to the practical difficulties in gathering information in the small spaces given by the pores. It is also not clear whether the subsurface flow can host turbulent events able to contribute significantly to the build-up of forces on the particles, potentially leading to their dislodgement. Through large eddy simulations, we investigate the interface between a free flow and a bed composed of spherical particles in a cubic arrangement. The communication between surface and subsurface flow is in this case enhanced, with relatively strong turbulent events happening also inside the pores. After comparing the simulation results with a previous experimental work from a similar setting, the forces experienced by the boundary particles are analysed. While it remains true that the lift forces are largely dependent on the structure of the free flow, turbulence inside the pores can also give a significant contribution. Pressure inside the pores is weakly correlated to the pressure in the free flow, and strong peaks above and below a particle can happen independently. Ignoring the porous layer below the particle from the computations leads then in this case to an underestimation of the lift forces.

JFM classification

Multiphase and Particle-laden Flows: Fluidized beds Low-Reynolds-number flows: Porous media Geophysical and Geological Flows: Sediment transport
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 851 , 25 September 2018 , pp. 558 - 572
Check for updates
Copyright
© 2018 Cambridge University Press 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Armenio, V. & Piomelli, U. 2000 Lagrangian mixed subgrid-scale model in generalized coordinates. Flow Turbul. Combust. 65 (1), 51–81.Google Scholar
Armenio, V., Toscano, P. & Fiorotto, V. 2000 On the effects of a negative step in pressure fluctuations at the bottom of a hydraulic jump. J. Hydraul. Res. 38 (5), 359–368.Google Scholar
Balaras, E. 2004 Modeling complex boundaries using an external force field on fixed Cartesian grids in large-eddy simulations. Comput. Fluids 33 (3), 375–404.Google Scholar
Blois, G., Best, J. L., Christensen, K. T., Hardy, R. J. & Smith, G. H. S. 2013 Coherent flow structures in the underlying a unidirectional turbulent boundary layer: a review and some new experimental results. In Coherent Flow Structures at Earth’s Surface, pp. 43–62. Wiley.Google Scholar
Breugem, W. P. & Boersma, B. J. 2005 Direct numerical simulations of turbulent flow over a permeable wall using a direct and a continuum approach. Phys. Fluids 17 (2), 1–15.Google Scholar
Breugem, W. P., Boersma, B. J. & Uittenbogaard, R. E. 2006 The influence of wall permeability on turbulent channel flow. J. Fluid Mech. 562, 35–72.Google Scholar
Chan-Braun, C., García-Villalba, M. & Uhlmann, M. 2011 Force and torque acting on particles in a transitionally rough open channel flow. J. Fluid Mech. 684, 441–474.Google Scholar
Cooper, J. R., Aberle, J., Koll, K. & Tait, S. J. 2013 Influence of relative submergence on spatial variance and form-induced stress of gravel-bed flows. Water Resour. Res. 49 (9), 5765–5777.Google Scholar
Dallali, M. & Armenio, V. 2015 Large eddy simulation of two-way coupling sediment transport. Adv. Water Resour. 81, 33–44.Google Scholar
Falcomer, L. & Armenio, V. 2002 Large-eddy simulation of secondary flow over longitudinally ridged walls. J. Turbul. 3 (January), N8.Google Scholar
Ferreira, R. M. L., Franca, M. J., Leal, J. G. A. B. & Cardoso, A. H. 2012 Flow over rough mobile beds: friction factor and vertical distribution of the longitudinal mean velocity. Water Resour. Res. 48 (5), 1–14.Google Scholar
Fröhlich, J., Mellen, C. P., Rodi, W., Temmerman, L. & Leschziner, M. A. 2005 Highly resolved large-eddy simulation of separated flow in a channel with streamwise periodic constrictions. J. Fluid Mech. 526, 19–66.Google Scholar
Fureby, C., Gosman, A. D., Tabor, G., Weller, H. G., Sandham, N. & Wolfstein, M. 1997 Large eddy simulation of turbulent channel flows. Turbul. Shear Flows 11, 19–30.Google Scholar
Heald, J., McEwan, I. & Tait, S. 2004 Sediment transport over a flat bed in a unidirectional flow: simulations and validation. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 362 (1822), 1973–1986.Google Scholar
Ji, C., Munjiza, A., Avital, E., Xu, D. & Williams, J. 2014 Saltation of particles in turbulent channel flow. Phys. Rev. E 89 (5), 052202.Google Scholar
Jiménez, J. & Moin, P. 1990 The minimal channel flow unit in near-wall turbulence. J. Fluid Mech. 225, 213–240.Google Scholar
Kidanemariam, A. G. & Uhlmann, M. 2014 Interface-resolved direct numerical simulation of the erosion of a sediment bed sheared by laminar channel flow. Intl J. Multiphase Flow 67, 174–188.Google Scholar
Kim, J., Moin, P. & Moser, R. 1987 Turbulence statistics in fully developed channel flow at low Reynolds number. J. Fluid Mech. 177 (–1), 133.Google Scholar
Kyrousi, F., Leonardi, A., Roman, F., Armenio, V., Zanello, F., Zordan, J., Juez, C. & Falcomer, L. 2018 Large eddy simulations of sediment entrainment induced by a lock-exchange gravity current. Adv. Water Resour. 114, 1–42.Google Scholar
Leonardi, A., Cabrera, M., Wittel, F. K., Kaitna, R., Mendoza, M., Wu, W. & Herrmann, H. J. 2015 Granular-front formation in free-surface flow of concentrated suspensions. Phys. Rev. E 92 (5), 052204.Google Scholar
Leonardi, A., Wittel, F. K., Mendoza, M. & Herrmann, H. J. 2014 Coupled DEM-LBM method for the free-surface simulation of heterogeneous suspensions. Comput. Particle Mech. 1, 3–13.Google Scholar
Leonardi, A., Wittel, F. K., Mendoza, M., Vetter, R. & Herrmann, H. J. 2016 Particle-fluid-structure interaction for debris flow impact on flexible barriers. Computer-Aided Civil Infrastruct. Engng 31 (5), 323–333.Google Scholar
Liu, Q. & Prosperetti, A. 2011 Pressure-driven flow in a channel with porous walls. J. Fluid Mech. 679, 77–100.Google Scholar
Manes, C., Pokrajac, D., McEwan, I. & Nikora, V. 2009 Turbulence structure of open channel flows over permeable and impermeable beds: a comparative study. Phys. Fluids 21 (12), 1–12.Google Scholar
Meneveau, C., Lund, T. S. & Cabot, W. H. 1996 A Lagrangian dynamic subgrid-scale model of turbulence. J. Fluid Mech. 319, 353.Google Scholar
Morrison, F. A. 2013 An Introduction To Fluid Mechanics: How Fluid Behave. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Napoli, E., Armenio, V. & De Marchis, M. 2008 The effect of the slope of irregularly distributed roughness elements on turbulent wall-bounded flows. J. Fluid Mech. 613, 385–394.Google Scholar
Ooi, S. K., Constantinescu, G. & Weber, L. 2009 Numerical simulations of lock-exchange compositional gravity current. J. Fluid Mech. 635, 361.Google Scholar
Pokrajac, D. & De Lemos, M. J. S. 2015 Spatial averaging over a variable volume and its application to boundary-layer flows over permeable walls. J. Hydraul. Engng 141 (2009), 1–11.Google Scholar
Pokrajac, D. & Manes, C. 2009 Velocity measurements of a free-surface turbulent flow penetrating a porous medium composed of uniform-size spheres. Trans. Porous Med. 78 (3 SPEC. ISS.), 367–383.Google Scholar
Pokrajac, D., Manes, C. & McEwan, I. 2007 Peculiar mean velocity profiles within a porous bed of an open channel. Phys. Fluids 19 (9), 1–5.Google Scholar
Roman, F., Armenio, V. & Frohlich, J. 2009 A simple wall-layer model for large eddy simulation with immersed boundary method. Phys. Fluids 21 (10), 101701.Google Scholar
Roman, F., Stipcich, G., Armenio, V., Inghilesi, R. & Corsini, S. 2010 Large eddy simulation of mixing in coastal areas. Intl J. Heat Fluid Flow 31 (3), 327–341.Google Scholar
Schmeeckle, M. W. 2014 Numerical simulation of turbulence and sediment transport of medium sand. J. Geophys. Res. 119 (6), 1240–1262.Google Scholar
Shih, W., Diplas, P., Celik, A. O. & Dancey, C. 2017 Accounting for the role of turbulent flow on particle dislodgement via a coupled quadrant analysis of velocity and pressure sequences. Adv. Water Resour. 101 (January), 37–48.Google Scholar
Singh, K. M., Sandham, N. D. & Williams, J. J. R. 2007 Numerical simulation of flow over a rough bed. J. Hydraulic Engng 133 (4), 386–398.Google Scholar
Smith, C. R. & Metzler, S. P. 1983 The characteristics of low-speed streaks in the near wall region of a turbulent boundary layer. J. Fluid Mech. 129, 27–54.Google Scholar
Suga, K., Matsumura, Y., Ashitaka, Y., Tominaga, S. & Kaneda, M. 2010 Effects of wall permeability on turbulence. Intl J. Heat Fluid Flow 31 (6), 974–984.Google Scholar
Vanoni, V. A. 2006 Sedimentation Engineering. American Society of Civil Engineers.Google Scholar
Vollmer, S., de los Santos Ramos, F., Daebel, H. & Kühn, G. 2002 Micro scale exchange processes between surface and subsurface water. J. Hydrol. 269 (1–2), 3–10.Google Scholar
Vowinckel, B., Jain, R., Kempe, T. & Fröhlich, J. 2016 Entrainment of single particles in a turbulent open-channel flow: a numerical study. J. Hydraul. Res. 1686 (March), 1–14.Google Scholar
Vowinckel, B., Kempe, T. & Fröhlich, J. 2014 Fluid-particle interaction in turbulent open channel flow with fully-resolved mobile beds. Adv. Water Resour. 72, 32–44.Google Scholar
Zagni, A. F. E. & Smith, K. V. H. 1976 Channel flow over permeable beds of graded spheres. J. Hydraul. Div. 102 (2), 207–222.Google Scholar
Zippe, H. J. & Graf, W. H. 1983 Turbulent boundary-layer flow over permeable and non-permeable rough surfaces. J. Hydraul. Res. 21 (1), 51–65.Google Scholar