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Effect of morphology on the large-amplitude flapping dynamics of an inverted flag in a uniform flow

Part of: Papers in support of Gharib's webinar

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2019

Boyu Fan Open the ORCID record for Boyu Fan [Opens in a new window] ,
Cecilia Huertas-Cerdeira Open the ORCID record for Cecilia Huertas-Cerdeira [Opens in a new window] ,
Julia Cossé ,
John E. Sader Open the ORCID record for John E. Sader [Opens in a new window]  and
Morteza Gharib Open the ORCID record for Morteza Gharib [Opens in a new window]
Boyu Fan*
Affiliation:
Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Cecilia Huertas-Cerdeira
Affiliation:
Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Julia Cossé
Affiliation:
Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
John E. Sader
Affiliation:
ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Morteza Gharib
Affiliation:
Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: boyufan@mit.edu
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Abstract

The stability of a cantilevered elastic sheet in a uniform flow has been studied extensively due to its importance in engineering and its prevalence in natural structures. Varying the flow speed can give rise to a range of dynamics including limit cycle behaviour and chaotic motion of the cantilevered sheet. Recently, the ‘inverted flag’ configuration – a cantilevered elastic sheet aligned with the flow impinging on its free edge – has been observed to produce large-amplitude flapping over a finite band of flow speeds. This flapping phenomenon has been found to be a vortex-induced vibration, and only occurs at sufficiently large Reynolds numbers. In all cases studied, the inverted flag has been formed from a cantilevered sheet of rectangular morphology, i.e. the planform of its elastic sheet is a rectangle. Here, we investigate the effect of the inverted flag’s morphology on its resulting stability and dynamics. We choose a trapezoidal planform which is explored using experiment and an analytical theory for the divergence instability of an inverted flag of arbitrary morphology. Strikingly, for this planform we observe that the flow speed range over which flapping occurs scales approximately with the flow speed at which the divergence instability occurs. This provides a means by which to predict and control flapping. In a biological setting, leaves in a wind can also align themselves in an inverted flag configuration. Motivated by this natural occurrence we also study the effect of adding an artificial ‘petiole’ (a thin elastic stalk that connects the sheet to the clamp) on the inverted flag’s dynamics. We find that the petiole serves to partially decouple fluid forces from elastic forces, for which an analytical theory is also derived, in addition to increasing the freedom by which the flapping dynamics can be tuned. These results highlight the intricacies of the flapping instability and account for some of the varied dynamics of leaves in nature.

Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 874 , 10 September 2019 , pp. 526 - 547
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Copyright
© 2019 Cambridge University Press 

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