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Standard of Living in Japan Before Industrialization: From What Level Did Japan Begin? A Comment
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 03 March 2009
Abstract
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References
1 Ohkawa, Kazushi and Rosovsky, Henry, Japanese Economic Growth (Stanford, 1973).Google Scholar
2 Umemura, Mataji, “Bakumatsu no Keizai Hatten” [Economic development towards the end of the Tokugawa Period], Kenkyūkai, Kindai Nihon, ed., Bakumatsu-Ishin no Nihon (Tokyo, 1981).Google Scholar For a similar and even more forceful assertion, see Hanley, Susan B. and Yamamura, Kozo, Economic and Demographic Change in Preindustrial Japan, 1600–1868 (Princeton, 1977).Google Scholar
3 Hanley, Susan B., “A High Standard of Living in Nineteenth-Century Japan: Fact or Fantasy?” this Journal, 43 (03 1983), p. 183.Google Scholar
4 Ibid., p. 188.Google Scholar
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26 The original Indian figure of $47 in 1965 prices was M. Mukherjee's. Quoted from Kuznets, Simon, Economic Growth of Nations: Total Output and Production Structure (Cambridge, Mass., 1971), p. 31. The ratio of GDP to NNP was assumed to be 1.06 as in 1960. Price changes and exchange rate changes between 1965 and 1970 were taken into account by the series in International Financial Statistics.CrossRefGoogle Scholar Finally, the 1970 figure was adjusted, using the converter given in Kravis, Heston, and Summers, “Real GDP,” p. 216.Google Scholar
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