^{page 220 note 1} The fact that the bishops were by the state itself not tied to the rules of Roman law follows, I think, from the two Constantinian constitutions quoted, in which however—a point which is constantly being overlooked—the words praescriptionis vincula refers to the time limits set by the so-called procedure by litis denuntiatio.

^{page 220 note 2} Sources in Byz. Ztschr., xxx (1929–30), 661; Ztschr. Sav. Stift. Rom. Abt., lviii (1938). 200n 2Google Scholar; 373n. 3; ibid., lxxii (1955) 189;Biondi,Diritto Romano Cristiano, i. 454; Caspers, Der Güte- und Schiedsgedanke im kirchlichen Zivilgerichtsverfahren (1953), 21 ff. Add the still neglected relatio 21 (384) of Qu. Aur. Symmachus.

^{page 221 note 1} I have not yet heard of any critical voice regarding my hypothesis proposed in Real-Enz. Antike u. Christentum, art. audientia episcopate, that state recognition of episcopalism audientia arose in the field of legal procedure out of the parties' right of rejecting prejudiced judges (παρτησις).

^{page 221 note 2} [Translated from the German by Rev. Dr. A. Ehrhardt and approved by Professor Steinwenter—Ed.];