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15 Fitzpatrick, David, Oceans of consolation: personal accounts of Irish migration to Australia (Cornell, 1994)Google Scholar; Miller, Kerby A., Emigrants and exiles: Ireland and the Irish exodus to North America (New York, 1985).Google Scholar

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17 For a review of these developments, see Webster, Wendy, ‘Transnational histories and domestic journeys’ in Journal of Social History, xxxix, no. 3 (spring 2006), pp 651–66Google Scholar. The work of other historians, such as Hall, Catherine, has been very infuential in this process: see Civilising subjects: metropole and colony in the English imagination, 1830–1867 (Cambridge, 2002)Google Scholar, and idem, with Sonya O. Rose (eds), At home with the Empire: metropolitan culture and the imperial world (Cambridge, 2006). Many of the monograph studies have appeared in the Manchester University Press series, Studies in Imperialism, edited by John M. MacKenzie and now running to over eighty volumes.

18 Iriye, Akira, ‘Internationalizing international history’ in Bender, Thomas (ed.), Rethinking American history in a global age (Berkeley, 2002), p. 51Google Scholar. Important contributions to the American debate include Thelen, David, ‘The nation and beyond: transnational perspectives on United States history’ in Journal of American History, lxxxvi, no. 3 (Dec. 1999), pp 965–75Google Scholar; Tyrell, Ian, ‘American exceptionalism in an age of international history’ in American Historical Review, xcvi, no. 4 (Oct. 1991), pp 1031–55Google Scholar; and most recently, Bayly, C.A., Beckert, Sven, Connelly, Matthew, Hofmeyr, Isabel, Kozol, Wendy and Seed, Patricia, ‘AHR conversation: on transnational history’ in American Historical Review, cxi, no. 5 (Dec. 2006), pp 1441–64Google Scholar.

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21 Bynum, Caroline W., ‘Perspectives, connections and objects: what’s happening in history now?’ in Dædalus, cxxxviii, no. 1 (winter 2009), p. 82Google Scholar. For a recent account that places heavy emphasis on stretches of water as connecting people, see Harvie, Christopher, A foating commonwealth: politics, culture, and technology on Britain’s Atlantic coast, 1860–1930 (Oxford, 2008).Google Scholar

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95 Campbell, , Ireland’s new worlds, pp 95–6Google Scholar; Burchell, , San Francisco Irish, p. 34Google Scholar

96 Miller, , Emigrants & exiles, p. 425Google Scholar.

97 Quoted in ibid.

98 Quoted in Delaney, Irish in post-war Britain, p. 24.

99 Mannion, John and Maddock, Fidela, ‘Old world antecedents, New World adaptations: Inistioge immigrants in Newfoundland’ in Nolan, William and Whelan, Kevin (eds), Kilkenny: history and society: interdisciplinary essays on the history of an Irish county (Dublin, 1990), pp 345–404Google Scholar; Emmons, Butte Irish; Elliott, Bruce S., Irish migrants in the Canadas: a new approach (2nd ed., Montreal, 2002).Google Scholar

100 Discussions with Kevin Kenny have helped clarify my thinking on this important point.