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Guatemala-Unidad Revolucionaria Nacional Guatemalteca: Agreement on a Firm and Lasting Peace, and the 10 Integral Agreements Covering Human Rights, Resettlement, Human Rights Violations, Indigenous Peoples, Social and Economic Issues, Civilian Power and the Armed Forces, Definitive Ceasefire, Constitutional and Electoral Reforms, the Legal Integration of Urng, and Implementation, Compliance and Verification

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 February 2017

Cynthia Arnson
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Extract

On December 29, 1996, the Guatemalan government and guerrillas of the Unidad Revoludonaria Nadonal Guatemalteca (Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity) (URNG) signed an “Accord for a Firm and Lasting Peace,” formally ending Central America's longest and bloodiest internal armed conflict. According to estimates by Guatemalan human rights groups, brutal counterinsurgency campaigns by the army and civil defense groups took over 100,000 lives, resulted in the “disappearance” of some 40,000 others, and produced hundreds of thousands of refugees and internally displaced persons.

Type
Treaties and Agreements
Information
International Legal Materials , Volume 36 , Issue 2 , March 1997 , pp. 258 - 339
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 1997

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References

* Reproduced from the text of the agreement appearing in UN Document A/51/796 S/1997/114, of February 7, 1997, Annex II. The Introductory Note was provided to International Legal Materials by Cynthia Arnson, Senior Program Associate, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. The Agreement on a Firm and Lasting Peace entered into force on December 29, 1996. The ten agreements that are integral parts of the Agreement on a Firm and Lasting Peace are also reproduced in this issue of International Legal Materials. The Comprehensive Agreement on Human Rights, done at Mexico City on March 19, 1994, 36 I.L.M. 276 (1997), is reproduced from UN Document A/48/928 S/1994/448, of April 19, 1994, Annex 1; the Agreement on Resettlement of the Population Groups Uprooted by the Armed Conflict, done at Oslo, June 17, 1994, 36 I.L.M. 279 (1997), from UN Document A/48/954 S/1994/751, of July 1, 1994, Annex 1; the Agreement on the Establishment of the Commission to Clarify Past Human Rights Violations, done at Oslo, June 23, 1994, 36 I.L.M. 283 (1997), from UN Document A/48/954 S/1994/751, of July 1, 1994, Annex II; the Agreement on Identity and Rights of Indigenous Peoples, done at Mexico City, March 31, 1995, 36 I.L.M. 285 (1997), from UN Document A/49/882 S/1995/256, of April 10, 1995, Annex; the Agreement on Social and Economic Aspects and Agrarian Situation, done at Mexico City, May 6, 1996, 36 I.L.M. 292 (1997), from UN Document A/50/956, of June 6, 1996, Annex; the Agreement on the Strengthening of Civilian Power and on the Role of the Armed Forces in a Democratic Society, done at Mexico City, September 19, 1996, 36 I.L.M. 304 (1997), from UN Document A/51/410 S/1996/853, of October 16, 1996, Annex; the Agreement on the Definitive Ceasefire, done at Oslo, December 4, 1996, 36 I.L.M. 312 (1997), from UN Document S/1995/1045, of December 17, 1996, Annex; the Agreement on Constitutional Reforms and the Electoral Regime, done at Stockholm, December 7, 1996, 36 I.L.M. 315 (1997), from UN Document A/51/776 S/1997/51, of January 20, 1997, Annex I; the Agreement on the Basis for the Legal Integration of the URNG, done at Madrid, December 12, 1996, 36 I.L.M. 320 (1997), from UN Document A/51/776 S/1997/51, of January 20, 1997, Annex II; and the Agreement on the Implementation, Compliance and Verification Timetable for the Peace Agreements, done at Guatemala City, December 29, 1996, 36 I.L.M. 325 (1997), from UN Document A/51/796 S/1997/114, of February 7, 1997, Annex I.]

1 See David Holiday, “Guatemala's Long Road to Peace,” Current History, February 1997, pp. 68-74.

2 See Rachel McCleary, “Guatemala: Expectations for Peace,” Current History, February 1996, pp. 88-92.

3 Quoted in Larry Rohter, “Guatemalans Formally End Their 36-Year Civil War,” The New York Times, December 30, 1996.

4 Sixth Report of the Director of the United Nations Mission for the Verification of Human Rights and of Compliance with the Commitments of the Comprehensive Agreement on Human Rights in Guatemala, UN Document A/51/790, January 31, 1997, p. 5.