The individual in international law-Human rights and freedoms — Charter of United Nations, Articles 55 and 56 — Whether selfexecuting — Whether they prohibit literacy requirement imposed by State on prospective voters — The law of the United States of America.

Charter of the United Nations — Interpretation of — Whether Articles 55 and 56 self-executing — Whether they prohibit literacy requirement imposed by State on prospective voters — The law of the United States of America.

Treaties — Special kinds of — Articles of Agreement of International Monetary Fund — Recognition of currency regulations of member States — Enforceability of exchange contracts involving currency of foreign State and contrary to regulations of such State — Meaning of Article VIII, Section 2 (b) — Nature of obligation imposed on member States — The law of the United States of America.

International organization — Specialized Agencies of United Nations — International Monetary Fund — Articles of Agreement of — Recognition of currency regulations of member States — Enforceability of exchange contracts involving currency of foreign State and contrary to regulations of such State — Meaning of Article VIII, Section 2 (b) — Nature of obligation imposed on member States — Tort suit by foreign bank alleging violation of exchange regulations — Refusal to enforce foreign revenue laws — The law of the United States of America.

International organization — European Economic Community — Prohibition of restrictions on imports under Article 31 of E.E.C. Treaty — Whether suspension by Italian Government of imports of pig meat into Italy amounts to a violation of this article — Effect of request for authorization of suspension upon enforcement action by Commission under Article 169 — Applicability of Articles 226 and 36.

International organization — European Coal and Steel Community — Decisions of High Authority — Distinction between general and individual decisions — Circumstance in which letter from official can constitute a decision.

Court of Justice of the European Communities — Law applied by Relevance of “general principles of law” — Principle of certainty — Principle of legality — Reference to municipal laws of Member States on legality of withdrawal of administrative acts — Respective functions of Court and High Authority of E.C.S.C. in balancing public and private interests concerned.

Court of Justice of the European Communities — Grounds for appeal to Court — Whether appeal for exces de pouvoir under Article 33 of E.C.S.C. Treaty may result in finding of liability for jaute de service.

International organization — European Coal and Steel Community — Subsidy system for imported steel scrap — Levy on scrap purchased within Community — Exemption of enterprise's “own resources” of scrap — Legality of exemption in case of associated but separate companies — Meaning of “enterprise” in E.C.S.C. Treaty, Article 80 — Whether two or more companies can constitute a single enterprise — Legality of retroactive withdrawal of illegal act which has conferred rights or advantages — Effect of absence of provision in decision of High Authority allowing derogation from general provisions of decision — Whether power to grant derogations may be presumed.

International organization — European Coal and Steel Community — Competence to request High Authority to find under Article 37 of Treaty fundamental and persistent disturbances in economy — Whether enterprise can make such request or challenge decision of Authority taken to remedy disturbances — Competence of Member States other than State directly concerned to challenge such decision — Scope of Article 37 and its relation to Article 33.

International organization — European Goal and Steel Community — Liability of High Authority for faute de service under Article 40 of E.C.S.C. Treaty — Whether lack of exact knowledge by enterprises of amount of levy due under scrap subsidy system could be ground for claim — Requirement of actual and ascertained damage — Distinction between acts giving rise to liability for faute de service and disadvantages inherent in any subsidy system.

Court of Justice of the European Communities — Procedure Meaning of requirement that application must contain statement of grounds relied on — Examination by Court proprio motu to see whether this requirement satisfied — Protocol on Statute of Court, Article 22 — Rules of Procedure, Article 38.

International organization — European Coal and Steel Community — Competence of enterprise outside scope of Treaty to bring appeal challenging inaction of High Authority — Meaning of coal-producing enterprise in Article 80 — Competence of “outside” enterprise to claim damages against High Authority for faute de service — Scope of Article 40 of Treaty — Nature of jurisdiction of Court under this article — Distinction between actions challenging legality and actions concerning liability — Interpretation of principle of free circulation of coal and steel within Community — Operation of Articles 4 (a) and 73 of Treaty.

International organization — European Coal and Steel Community — Amendment of Treaty — Requirements of Article 95 (3) and (4) — Proposal to amend Article 65 to allow High Authority to authorize agreements of enterprises seeking to adapt to new marketing conditions — Scope of agreements not adequately specified — Indefinite extension of existing power amounting to grant of new power — Substitution of control a posteriori for preliminary examination not an amendment of rules for High Authority's exercise of its powers — Meaning of Articles 4 and 65.

International organization — European Coal and Steel Community — Appeal against inaction of High Authority under Article 35 of E.C.S.C. Treaty — Circumstances in which High Authority deemed to have taken decision refusing to act — Liability of High Authority for faute de service — Whether liable for lack of supervision of subordinate organs connected with subsidy system for scrap — Whether enterprises can rely on past practice of such organs in making transport payments — Effect of promises by such organs — Measure of damages for loss caused by faute de service.

International officials — Claims against officials' organization — Grading of officials — United Nations Staff Regulation 2.1 — Harmonization of conditions of service in United Nations and specialized agencies — Budgetary and other resolutions — Damages — Scope of function of United Nations Administrative Tribunal.

International officials — Claims against officials' organization — Time-limits for bringing claims — Guardian ad litem — Termination of permanent appointment — Alternative grounds for termination — Error or concealment of facts — Procedural irregularities — Implied reversal of grounds for termination.

International officials — Claims against officials' organization — Discretionary powers of Director-General — Extent of power of Tribunal to review exercise of — Grounds for terminating appointment — Implied obligations — Grading — General principles of law — Quasi-contract — Recovery of payments made in error — Costs.

International officials — Claims against officials' organization — Time-limits for bringing claims — Extent of discretionary powers — Renewal of fixed-term appointments — Competition for vacant posts — Détournement de pouvoir — Freedom of action of official on Staff Committee — Appointment to specific posts — Competence of Tribunal — Whether competent to review exercise of discretion.

International officials — Claims against officials' organization — Time-limits for bringing claims.

International officials — Claims against officials' organization — Jurisdiction of Administrative Tribunal of I.L.O. — Discretionary powers of Director-General of Organization — Grounds for refusing to renew fixed-term appointments — Malice — Due process — Discovery of documents.

International officials — Claims against officials' organization — Grading of posts — Harmonization of conditions of service in United Nations and specialized agencies — “Job description” — Time-limits for bringing claims.

International officials — Claims against officials' organization — Harmonization of conditions of service in United Nations and specialized agencies — Maternity leave — Judicial procedure — Requirement of exhaustion of administrative remedies.

International officials — Claims against officials' organization — Time-limits for bringing claims.

International officials — Claims against officials' organization — Jurisdiction ratione materiae of I.L.O. Administrative Tribunal.

International officials — Claims against officials' organization — Jurisdiction ratione personae of I.L.O. Administrative Tribunal.