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A planar microwave sensor for noninvasive detection of glucose concentration using regression analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 May 2023

Tilakdhari Singh Open the ORCID record for Tilakdhari Singh [Opens in a new window] ,
Piyush Kumar Mishra Open the ORCID record for Piyush Kumar Mishra [Opens in a new window] ,
Aditya Pal Open the ORCID record for Aditya Pal [Opens in a new window]  and
Vijay Shanker Tripathi
Tilakdhari Singh*
Affiliation:
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
Piyush Kumar Mishra
Affiliation:
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
Aditya Pal
Affiliation:
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
Vijay Shanker Tripathi
Affiliation:
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
*
Corresponding author: Tilakdhari Singh; E-mail: tilakdhari.2020rel08@mnnit.ac.in
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Abstract

This paper presents a planar microwave sensor for the noninvasive detection of glucose concentration in diabetic patients. The designed sensor operates from the 3.8 to 6.2 GHz frequency band, which covers the 5.8 GHz Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) band. The designed sensor shows a percentage bandwidth of 23.8% with a reflection coefficient (S11) of −50 dB at the resonance frequency of 5.7 GHz. The detection was carried out by varying the relative permittivity of the blood in accordance with the glucose concentration based on the Cole–Cole model. The measured result is calculated in terms of varying resonance frequency with variation in the reflection coefficient |S11| of the designed sensor. The observed frequency shift and corresponding sensitivity of the sensor are found at 1.7 GHz and 0.089 MHz/mg dL−1, respectively. An experimental validation has also been performed, and the frequency shift is analyzed by interacting the human thumb with the sensor. The simulated and experimental results of the designed sensor suggest that it can be useful for detecting glucose concentration noninvasively for diabetic patients.

Keywords

blood glucose leveldiabeticISM bandsmicrowave sensornoninvasiveplanar antennarelative permittivity
Type
RFID and Sensors
Information
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies , Volume 15 , Special Issue 8: EuCAP 2022 Special Issue , October 2023 , pp. 1343 - 1353
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press in association with the European Microwave Association.

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