Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-pjpqr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-04T21:42:56.079Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

What's in a name: the etymology of astrobiology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2020

Manasvi Lingam*
Affiliation:
Department of Aerospace, Physics and Space Science, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL32901, USA Institute for Theory and Computation, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138, USA
Abraham Loeb
Affiliation:
Institute for Theory and Computation, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Manasvi Lingam, E-mail: mlingam@fit.edu

Abstract

Astrobiology has been gaining increasing scientific prominence and public attention as the search for life beyond Earth continues to make significant headway on multiple fronts. In view of these recent developments, the fascinating and dynamic etymology of astrobiology is elucidated, and thus shown to encompass a plethora of vivid characters drawn from different continents, religions, ideologies and centuries.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alter, A (2014) Drunk Tank Pink: And Other Unexpected Forces That Shape How We Think, Feel And Behave. New York, NY: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Austin, JL (1975) How to Do Things with Words, 2nd Edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bada, JL (2005) A field with a life of its own. Science (New York, N.Y.) 307, 4647.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, EW (1931) Contributions to a British association discussion on the evolution of the universe. Nature 128, 719722.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berthelot, R (1938) La pensée de l'Asie et l'astrobiologie. Paris: Payot.Google Scholar
Blumberg, BS (2003) The NASA astrobiology institute: early history and organization. Astrobiology 3, 463470.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bostrom, N and Ćirković, MM (eds) (2008) Global Catastrophic Risks. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Boulting, W (1914) Giordano Bruno: His Life, Thought, and Martyrdom. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co.Google Scholar
Brake, M (2006) On the plurality of inhabited worlds: a brief history of extraterrestrialism. International Journal of Astrobiology 5, 99107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Branscomb, E, Biancalani, T, Goldenfeld, N and Russell, M (2017) Escapement mechanisms and the conversion of disequilibria; the engines of creation. Physics Reports 677, 160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Briot, D (2012) A possible first use of the word Astrobiology? Astrobiology 12, 11541156.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Briot, D (2013) The creator of astrobotany, Gavriil Adrianovich Tikhov. In Vakoch, DA (ed.), Astrobiology, History, and Society. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 175185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brunelli, G (1908) La dottrina di Loeb sui tropismi e il metodo storico di Darwin e di Romanes. Rivista di filosofia e scienze affini 19, 645668.Google Scholar
Brunelli, G (1933) Le teorie sull'origine e l'evoluzione della vita (da Darwin ai nostri giorni). Bologna: L. Cappelli.Google Scholar
Caldeira, K and Kasting, JF (1992) The life span of the biosphere revisited. Nature 360, 721723.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Capova, KA, Persson, E, Milligan, T and Dunér, D (eds) (2018) Astrobiology and Society in Europe Today. Cham: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carman, CC (2018) The first Copernican was Copernicus: the difference between Pre-Copernican and Copernican heliocentrism. Archive for History of Exact Sciences 72, 120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cassirer, E (1944) An Essay on Man: An Introduction to a Philosophy of Human Culture. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Christie, JE (2019) From Influence to Inhabitation: The Transformation of Astrobiology in the Early Modern Period, Volume 228 of International Archives of the History of Ideas. Cham: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chyba, CF and Hand, KP (2005) Astrobiology: the study of the living universe. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 43, 3174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chyba, CF and McDonald, GD (1995) The origin of life in the solar system: current issues. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 23, 215250.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ćirković, MM (2012) The Astrobiological Landscape: Philosophical Foundations of the Study of Cosmic Life. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cocconi, G and Morrison, P (1959) Searching for interstellar communications. Nature 184, 844846.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crawford, IA (2018) Widening perspectives: the intellectual and social benefits of astrobiology (regardless of whether extraterrestrial life is discovered or not). International Journal of Astrobiology 17, 5760.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crowe, MJ (1986) The Extraterrestrial Life Debate 1750-1900: The Idea of a Plurality of Worlds from Kant to Lowell. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Crowe, MJ (1997) A history of the extraterrestrial life debate. Zygon 32, 147162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crowe, MJ and Dowd, MF (2013) The extraterrestrial life debate from antiquity to 1900. In Vakoch, DA (ed.), Astrobiology, History, and Society, Advances in Astrobiology and Biogeophysics. Berlin: Springer, pp. 356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cumming, S (2019) Names. In Zalta, EN (ed). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Palo Alto: Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2019/entries/names/.Google Scholar
Dawkins, R and Wong, Y (2016) The Ancestor's Tale: A Pilgrimage to the Dawn of Evolution, 2nd Edn. Boston: Mariner Books.Google Scholar
de Fontenelle, M (1767) Conversations on the Plurality of Worlds, 2nd Edn. London: Thomas Caslon.Google Scholar
Denny, M and McFadzean, A (2019) Rocket Science: From Fireworks to the Photon Drive. Cham: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Des Marais, DJ and Walter, MR (1999) Astrobiology: exploring the origins, evolution, and distribution of life in the universe. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 30, 397420.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dick, SJ (1982) Plurality of Worlds: The Origins of the Extraterrestrial Life Debate from Democritus to Kant. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Dick, SJ (2009) Origins and development of NASA's exobiology program, 1958-1976. Acta Astronautica 65, 15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dick, SJ (2018) Astrobiology, Discovery, and Societal Impact, Volume 9 of Cambridge Astrobiology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dick, SJ and Strick, JE (2005) The Living Universe: NASA and the Development of Astrobiology. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Dole, SH (1964) Habitable Planets for Man. New York, NY: Blaisdell Pub. Co.Google Scholar
Domagal-Goldman, SD, Wright, KE, Adamala, K, Arina de la Rubia, L, Bond, J, Dartnell, LR, Goldman, AD, Lynch, K, Naud, M-E, Paulino-Lima, IG, Singer, K, Walter-Antonio, M, Abrevaya, XC, Anderson, R, Arney, G, Atri, D, Azúa-Bustos, A, Bowman, JS, Brazelton, WJ, Brennecka, GA, Carns, R, Chopra, A, Colangelo-Lillis, J, Crockett, CJ, DeMarines, J, Frank, EA, Frantz, C, de la Fuente, E, Galante, D, Glass, J, Gleeson, D, Glein, CR, Goldblatt, C, Horak, R, Horodyskyj, L, Kaçar, B, Kereszturi, A, Knowles, E, Mayeur, P, McGlynn, S, Miguel, Y, Montgomery, M, Neish, C, Noack, L, Rugheimer, S, Stüeken, EE, Tamez-Hidalgo, P, Walker, SI and Wong, T (2016) The astrobiology primer v2.0. Astrobiology 16, 561653.Google ScholarPubMed
Dyson, FJ (1979) Time without end: physics and biology in an open universe. Reviews of Modern Physics 51, 447460.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flammarion, C (1871) La pluralite des mondes habites, 16th Edn. Paris: Didier et Cie.Google Scholar
Frank, A (2018) Light of the Stars: Alien Worlds and the Fate of the Earth. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company.Google Scholar
Fujii, Y, Angerhausen, D, Deitrick, R, Domagal-Goldman, S, Grenfell, JL, Hori, Y, Kane, SR, Pallé, E, Rauer, H, Siegler, N, Stapelfeldt, K and Stevenson, KB (2018) Exoplanet biosignatures: observational prospects. Astrobiology 18, 739778.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gardner, DK (2014) Confucianism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gell-Mann, M (1994) The Quark and the Jaguar: Adventures in the Simple and the Complex. New York, NY: W. H. Freeman.Google Scholar
Gingerich, O (1985) Did Copernicus owe a debt to Aristarchus. Journal for the History of Astronomy 16, 3741.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hetherington, NS (ed.) (1993) Encyclopedia of Cosmology: Historical, Philosophical, and Scientific Foundations of Modern Cosmology. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc.Google Scholar
Hoehler, TM (2007) An energy balance concept for habitability. Astrobiology 7, 824838.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hooper, D and Whyld, K (1996) The Oxford Companion to Chess, 2nd Edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Huff, TE (2017) The Rise of Early Modern Science: Islam, China, and the West, 3rd Edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ivashkin, VV (2003) Analysis of space flight mechanics problems. Acta Astronautica 52, 663670.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jeshion, R (2009) The significance of names. Mind & Language 24, 370403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, HS (1940) Life on Other Worlds. New York, NY: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Klein, N (2014) This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. The Climate. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar
Knoll, AH (2015) Life on a Young Planet: The First Three Billion Years of Evolution on Earth, 2nd Edn. Princeton Science Library. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knoll, AH and Nowak, MA (2017) The timetable of evolution. Science Advances 3, e1603076.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kolbert, E (2014) The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Koresh, (1900) Exposition of the cause of motion. The Flaming Sword 22, 35.Google Scholar
Koresh, (1908) The science of astro-biology. The Flaming Sword 14, 67.Google Scholar
Koresh, and Morrow, UG (1898) The Cellular Cosmogony; or, the Earth a Concave Sphere. Chicago, IL: Guiding Star Publishing House.Google Scholar
Kuhn, TS (1957) The Copernican Revolution: Planetary Astronomy in the Development of Western Thought. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Lafleur, LJ (1941) Astrobiology. Leaflet Astronomical Society of the Pacific 3, 333340.Google Scholar
Lagrésille, H (1902) Le Fonctionnisme Universel: Essai De Synthèse Philosophique: Monde Sensible. Paris: Librairie Fischbacher.Google Scholar
Lederberg, J (1960) Exobiology: approaches to life beyond the earth. Science (New York, N.Y.) 132, 393400.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lemarchand, GA (2010) Una breve historia social de la astrobiología en Iberoamérica. In Lemarchand, GA and Tancredi, G (eds), Astrobiología: del Big Bang a las Civilizaciones, Topicos Especiales en Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, volume 1 of Second Iberoamerican School on Astrobiology. Montevideo: UNESCO, pp. 2352.Google Scholar
Lingam, M and Loeb, A (2017) Natural and artificial spectral edges in exoplanets. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters 470, L82L86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lingam, M and Loeb, A (2018) Implications of tides for life on exoplanets. Astrobiology 18, 967982.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lingam, M and Loeb, A (2019) Colloquium: physical constraints for the evolution of life on exoplanets. Reviews of Modern Physics 91, 021002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lingam, M and Loeb, A (2021) Life in the Cosmos: From Biosignatures to Technosignatures. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Locke, J (1847) An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Philadelphia, PA: Kay & Troutman.Google Scholar
Luisi, PL (2016) The Emergence of Life: From Chemical Origins to Synthetic Biology, 2nd Edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lunine, J (2005) Astrobiology: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach. San Francisco, CA: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar
Maack, F (1918) Astrosophie. Archiv für Systematische Philosophie 24, 4364.Google Scholar
Mariscal, C, Barahona, A, Aubert-Kato, N, Aydinoglu, AU, Bartlett, S, Cárdenas, ML, Chandru, K, Cleland, C, Cocanougher, BT, Comfort, N, Cornish-Bowden, A, Deacon, T, Froese, T, Giovannelli, D, Hernlund, J, Hut, P, Kimura, J, Maurel, M-C, Merino, N, Moreno, A, Nakagawa, M, Peretó, J, Virgo, N, Witkowski, O and James Cleaves, H (2019) Hidden concepts in the history and philosophy of origins-of-life studies: a workshop report. Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres 49, 111145.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Merino, N, Aronson, HS, Bojanova, DP, Feyhl-Buska, J, Wong, ML, Zhang, S and Giovannelli, D (2019) Living at the extremes: extremophiles and the limits of life in a planetary context. Frontiers in Microbiology 10, article ID 780.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michaud, MAG (2007) Contact with Alien Civilizations: Our Hopes and Fears about Encountering Extraterrestrials. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Millner, L (2015) The Allure of Immortality: An American Cult, a Florida Swamp, and a Renegade Prophet. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida.Google Scholar
Moissl-Eichinger, C, Cockell, C and Rettberg, P (2016) Venturing into new realms? Microorganisms in space. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 40, 722737.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morrison, D (1903) VI.–new books. Mind 12, 266267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nazé, Y (2009) L'astronomie des Anciens. Paris: Belin.Google Scholar
Neveu, M, Hays, LE, Voytek, MA, New, MH and Schulte, MD (2018) The ladder of life detection. Astrobiology 18, 13751402.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Noack, L, Verseux, C, Serrano, P, Musilova, M, Nauny, P, Samuels, T, Schwendner, P, Simoncini, E and Stevens, A (2015) Astrobiology from early-career scientists’ perspective. International Journal of Astrobiology 14, 533535.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Omarov, TB and Tashenov, BT (2005) Tikhov's astrobotany as a prelude to modern astrobiology. In Hoover, RB, Rozanov, AY and Paepe, R (eds), Perspectives in Astrobiology. Amsterdam: IOS Press, pp. 8687.Google Scholar
Pastor, W (1901) Das Reich des Krystalls: Schauspiel in fünf Akten. Leipzig: Georg Heinrich Meyer.Google Scholar
Perryman, M (2018) The Exoplanet Handbook, 3rd Edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Popkin, G (2017) What it would take to reach the stars. Nature 542, 2022.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Preiner, M, Xavier, JC, do Nascimento Vieira, A, Kleinermanns, K, Allen, JF and Martin, WF (2019) Catalysts, autocatalysis and the origin of metabolism. Interface Focus 9, 20190072.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Privat, M (1936) La loi des étoiles: Philosophie de l'astrologie, 5th Edn. Paris: Éditions Grasset.Google Scholar
Race, M, Denning, K, Bertka, CM, Dick, SJ, Harrison, AA, Impey, C and Mancinelli, R (2012) Astrobiology and society: building an interdisciplinary research community. Astrobiology 12, 958965.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rees, M (2018) On the Future: Prospects for Humanity. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Rey, A (1903) Analyses. Revue Philosophique de la France et de l’Étranger 55, 425428.Google Scholar
Rieder, J (2008) Colonialism and the Emergence of Science Fiction. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.Google Scholar
Rothschild, LJ and Mancinelli, RL (2001) Life in extreme environments. Nature 409, 10921101.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ruggles, CLN (2005) Ancient Astronomy: An Encyclopedia of Cosmologies and Myth. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-Clio.Google Scholar
Schneider, J (2010) The extraterrestrial life debate in different cultures. In Coudé du Foresto, V, Gelino, DM and Ribas, I (eds), Pathways Towards Habitable Planets, Volume 430 of Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series. San Francisco, CA: Astronomical Society of the Pacific, pp. 324330.Google Scholar
Schopf, JW (ed.) (1992) Major Events in the History of Life. Boston: Jones & Bartlett Publishers.Google Scholar
Schulze-Makuch, D and Irwin, LN (2018) Life in the Universe: Expectations and Constraints, 3rd Edn. Cham: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwieterman, EW, Kiang, NY, Parenteau, MN, Harman, CE, DasSarma, S, Fisher, TM, Arney, GN, Hartnett, HE, Reinhard, CT, Olson, SL, Meadows, VS, Cockell, CS, Walker, SI, Grenfell, JL, Hegde, S, Rugheimer, S, Hu, R and Lyons, TW (2018) Exoplanet biosignatures: a review of remotely detectable signs of life. Astrobiology 18, 663708.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seager, S, Turner, EL, Schafer, J and Ford, EB (2005) Vegetation's red edge: a possible spectroscopic biosignature of extraterrestrial plants. Astrobiology 5, 372390.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sedley, D (2018) Plato's Cratylus. In Zalta, EN (ed). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Palo Alto: Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, fall 2018 edition. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/plato-cratylus/.Google Scholar
Selin, H and Sun, X (2000) Astronomy Across Cultures: The History of Non-Western Astronomy. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shapley, H (1958) Of Stars and Men: The Human Response to an Expanding Universe. Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Speaks, J (2019) Theories of meaning. In Zalta, EN (ed). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Palo Alto: Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2019/entries/meaning/.Google Scholar
Sternfeld, A (1934) Sur les trajectoires permettant d'approcher d'un corps attractifs central à partir d'une orbite Keplérienne donnée. Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences 198, 711713.Google Scholar
Sternfeld, AJ (1935) La vie dans l'Univers. La Nature. Masson et Cie Eds. 2956, 112.Google Scholar
Strawson, PF (2016) Subject and Predicate in Logic and Grammar. New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Strughold, H (1953) The Green and Red Planet: A Physiological Study of the Possibility of Life on Mars. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press.Google Scholar
Sutherland, JD (2017) Opinion: studies on the origin of life – the end of the beginning. Nature Reviews Chemistry 1, 17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sweven, G (1903) Limanora: The Island of Progress. New York, NY: G. P. Putnam's Sons.Google Scholar
Tarter, J (2001) The search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI). Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 39, 511548.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tikhov, GA (1914) Etude de la lumière cendrée de la Lune au moyen des filtres sélecteurs. Mitteilungen der Nikolai-Hauptsternwarte zu Pulkowo 62, 1525.Google Scholar
Tikhov, GA (1953) Astrobiology. Moscow: Molodaya Gvardia.Google Scholar
Tikhov, GA (1955) Is life possible on other planets? Journal of the British Astronomical Association 65, 193204.Google Scholar
Tipler, FJ (1981) A brief history of the extraterrestrial intelligence concept. The Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 22, 133145.Google Scholar
Vakoch, DA (ed.) (2013) Astrobiology, History, and Society. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vidal, C (2014) The Beginning and the End: The Meaning of Life in a Cosmological Perspective. The Frontiers Collection. Cham: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, SI (2017) Origins of life: a problem for physics, a key issues review. Reports on Progress in Physics 80, 092601.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wallace, AR (1903) Man's Place in the Universe: A Study of the Results of Scientific Research in Relation to the Unity or Plurality of Worlds. New York, NY: McClure, Phillips & Co.Google Scholar
Weintraub, DA (2014) Religions and Extraterrestrial Life: How Will We Deal With It? Cham: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whewell, W (1867) Of the Plurality of Worlds: An Essay: Also, a Dialogue on the Same Subject. London: Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, D (2013) Science, Religion, and the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolf, ET and Toon, OB (2015) The evolution of habitable climates under the brightening Sun. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres D 120, 57755794.Google Scholar
Worden, SP, Drew, J and Klupar, P (2018) Philanthropic space science: the breakthrough initiatives. New Space 6, 262268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yahalomi, D, Atkinson, SD, Neuhof, M, Chang, ES, Philippe, H, Cartwright, P, Bartholomew, JL and Huchon, D (2020) A cnidarian parasite of salmon (Myxozoa: Henneguya) lacks a mitochondrial genome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 117, 53585363.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed