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Prison, Islamic Radicalization and the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 September 2022

Luisa Ravagnani*
Affiliation:
Department of Law, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
Carlo Alberto Romano
Affiliation:
Department of Law, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
*
*Corresponding Author: Luisa Ravagnani, Department of Law, University of Brescia, via Battaglie 58, 25121 Brescia, Italy. E-mail: luisa.ravagnani@unibs.it

Abstract

Radicalization in prison is a well-developed field of research that, particularly in the aftermath of 11 September 2001, has involved academics and practitioners in the attempt to highlight possible push and pull factors and dynamics, as well as useful strategies for preventing and countering extremism inside the facilities. Like every subject of great interest, it has given rise to numerous theories about the possible approaches to radical violence, some even at odds with each other. However, there is almost unanimous agreement that isolation from external society and the inadequate management of the right to profess one’s religious faith within prisons may be elements that increase the risk of intramural radicalization. In Italy, the COVID-19 pandemic interfered heavily not only in the lives of people belonging to free society but also – and perhaps even more – in the lives of prisoners, resulting in the total isolation of prison facilities from the outside community. The dramatic efforts to protect public health have effectively eclipsed every other right, including – for prisoners – practising one’s faith with the guidance of authorized religious leaders. The present article explores how and why these anti-virus changes in the management of the Italian penitentiary could have influenced the risk of intramural radicalization.

Abstracto

Abstracto

La radicalización en prisión es un campo de investigación bien desarrollado que, particularmente después del 11 de septiembre de 2001, ha involucrado a académicos y profesionales en un intento de resaltar los posibles factores y dinámicas de empuje y atracción, así como estrategias útiles para prevenir y contrarrestar el extremismo. dentro de las instalaciones. Como todo tema de gran interés, ha dado lugar a numerosas teorías sobre los posibles enfoques de la violencia radical, algunas incluso enfrentadas entre sí. Sin embargo, existe un acuerdo casi unánime en que el aislamiento de la sociedad exterior y la gestión inadecuada del derecho a profesar la propia fe religiosa dentro de las cárceles pueden ser elementos que aumenten el riesgo de radicalización intramuros. La pandemia de COVID-19 interfirió fuertemente no solo en la vida de las personas que pertenecen a la sociedad libre sino también, y quizás aún más, en la vida de los presos, lo que resultó en el aislamiento total de las instalaciones penitenciarias italianas de la comunidad exterior. Los dramáticos esfuerzos para proteger la salud pública han eclipsado todos los demás derechos, incluido, para los presos, practicar la propia fe con la guía de líderes religiosos autorizados. El presente artículo explora cómo y por qué estos cambios antivirus en la gestión de los penitenciarios italianos podrían haber influido en el riesgo de radicalización intramuros.

Abstrait

Abstrait

La radicalisation en prison est un domaine de recherche bien développé qui, en particulier au lendemain du 11 septembre 2001, a impliqué des universitaires et des praticiens dans la tentative de mettre en évidence d'éventuels facteurs et dynamiques d’incitation et d’attraction, ainsi que des stratégies utiles pour prévenir et contrer l’extrémisme à l’intérieur des installations. Comme tout sujet de grand intérêt, elle a donné lieu à de nombreuses théories sur les approches possibles de la violence radicale, certaines même en contradiction les unes avec les autres. Cependant, il existe un accord quasi unanime sur le fait que l’isolement de la société extérieure et la gestion inadéquate du droit de professer sa foi religieuse au sein des prisons peuvent être des éléments qui augmentent le risque de radicalisation intra-muros. La pandémie de COVID-19 a fortement interféré non seulement dans la vie des personnes appartenant à la société libre, mais aussi – et peut-être même plus – dans la vie des détenus, entraînant l’isolement total des établissements pénitentiaires italiens de la communauté extérieure. Les efforts spectaculaires pour protéger la santé publique ont effectivement éclipsé tous les autres droits, y compris – pour les prisonniers – pratiquer sa foi sous la direction de chefs religieux autorisés. Le présent article explore comment et pourquoi ces changements antivirus dans la gestion du pénitencier italien ont pu influencer le risque de radicalisation intra-muros.

抽象的

抽象的

监狱中的激进化是一个发达的研究领域,特别是在 2001 年 9 月 11 日之后,学术界和从业人员试图强调可能的推动和拉动因素和动态,以及预防和打击极端主义的有用策略设施内。像每一个非常感兴趣的主题一样,它引发了许多关于激进暴力的可能方法的理论,有些甚至相互矛盾。然而,几乎一致认为,与外部社会隔绝以及在监狱内对信仰宗教信仰的权利管理不善可能是增加校内激进化风险的因素。 COVID-19 大流行不仅严重干扰了属于自由社会的人们的生活,而且甚至可能更多地干扰了囚犯的生活,导致意大利监狱设施与外部社区完全隔离。保护公共健康的巨大努力有效地掩盖了其他所有权利,包括对于囚犯在授权的宗教领袖的指导下实践自己的信仰。本文探讨了意大利监狱管理中的这些抗病毒变化如何以及为什么会影响校内激进化的风险。

الملخص

الملخص

التطرف في السجن هو مجال بحثي متطور ، لا سيما في أعقاب 11 سبتمبر 2001 ، وقد أشرك الأكاديميين والممارسين في محاولة لتسليط الضوء على عوامل وديناميكيات الدفع والجذب المحتملة ، فضلاً عن الاستراتيجيات المفيدة لمنع التطرف ومكافحته. داخل المرافق. مثل كل موضوع ذي أهمية كبيرة ، فقد أدى إلى ظهور العديد من النظريات حول المقاربات المحتملة للعنف الراديكالي ، حتى أن بعضها على خلاف مع بعضها البعض. ومع ذلك ، هناك اتفاق شبه إجماعي على أن العزلة عن المجتمع الخارجي والإدارة غير الكافية للحق في اعتناق العقيدة الدينية داخل السجون قد تكون عناصر تزيد من خطر التطرف الداخلي. تدخل جائحة Covid-19 بشكل كبير ليس فقط في حياة الأشخاص الذين ينتمون إلى المجتمع الحر ولكن أيضًا - وربما أكثر - في حياة السجناء ، مما أدى إلى عزل مرافق السجون الإيطالية تمامًا عن المجتمع الخارجي. لقد طغت الجهود الهائلة لحماية الصحة العامة بشكل فعال على كل الحقوق الأخرى ، بما في ذلك - بالنسبة للسجناء - ممارسة المرء لعقيدته بتوجيه من القادة الدينيين المصرح لهم. تستكشف هذه المقالة كيف ولماذا تؤثر هذه التغييرات المضادة للفيروسات في إدارة السجون الإيطالية على خطر التطرف داخل الأعصاب.

Type
Article
Copyright
© International Society of Criminology, 2022

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