1 For an elaboration of this argument see my reviews of Bowles, Samuel and Gintis, Herbert, Schooling in Capitalist America (New York, 1976) in the May/June 1977 Review of Education and Gilbert, James B., Work Without Salvation: Americas Intellectuals and Industrial Alienation, 1880–1910 (Baltimore, 1977) in the Spring, 1978 Review of Education. Google Scholar

2 Messerli's quotation from Emerson includes the following: “We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for ten or fifteen years and come out at last with a belly full of words and do not know a thing. We cannot use our hands, or our legs, or our eyes, or our arms. We do not know an eatable root in the woods. We cannot tell our course by the stars, nor the hour of the day by the sun (p. 347).” Google Scholar