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The Connection of Samuel Chapman Armstrong as Both Borrower and Architect of Education in Hawai'i

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 February 2017

C. Kalani Beyer*
Affiliation:
School of Education of National Unviersity (La Jolla, California)

Extract

Samuel Chapman Armstrong is well known for establishing Hampton Institute, the institution most involved with training black teachers in the South after the Civil War. It is less known that he was born in Hawai'i to the missionary couple Reverend Richard and Clarissa Chapman Armstrong. His parents were members of the Fifth Company of missionaries that arrived in Hawai'i in 1831. Reverend Armstrong withdrew from the mission in 1848 to become the Minister of Public Instruction. Until Reverend Armstrong's death in 1860, he was the major force behind education for Hawaiians in both missionary and public schools

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © 2007 History of Education Society 

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References

1 Missionary Album: Portraits and Bibliographical Sketches of the American Protestant Missionaries to the Hawaiian Islands (Honolulu: Hawaiian Mission Children's Society, 1969), 3031; Stueber, Ralph K., “Hawai'i: A Case Study in Development Education 1778–1960,” PhD diss., University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1964, 94; Talbot, Edith A., Samuel Chapman Armstrong: A Biographical Study (New York: Negro Universities Press, 1904), 42.Google Scholar

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12 Originally, Hawaiians applied the term haole to all foreigners; over time, it has come to be applied primarily to white people of Anglo Saxon Protestant background. Thus, when Portuguese immigrants began to arrive in Hawai'i, they were not referred to as haole. Generally, the term has a neutral connotation, used to designate the background of a person. It can, however, be used negatively, especially when dominance and subordination are involved in its use.Google Scholar

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64 Although in 1889 only the Kamehameha School for Boys existed, plans were in place to open a separate school for girls in 1891. However, due to political unrest, which led to the overthrow of Hawaiian Sovereignty in 1893, the school did not open until 1894. Armstrong, Samuel C. to Dr. Smith, 16 September 1889, Smith Papers, Hawaiian Mission Childrens’ Society Collection.Google Scholar

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66 For the sketch, see “Armstrong, Samuel C. to Jared Smith, 6 January 1888,” Smith Papers, Hawaiian Mission Childrens’ Society Collection. The eventual design of the buildings was altered to one building based on advice given in a letter from Sanford Dole to Jared Smith. Dole was concerned that Armstrong's ideas were too cost prohibitive. Dole, Sanford B. to Jared Smith, 17 September 1889, Smith Papers, Hawaiian Mission Childrens’ Society Collection.Google Scholar

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