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The Most Silent Women of Greece and Rome: Rural Labour and Women's Life in the Ancient World (I)1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 September 2009

Walter Schidel
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Extract

Over the last twenty years, the study of the women of the Greek and Roman world has experienced a boom that, if it is judged by the sheer output of relevant publications, dwarfs any other recent innovations and redirections in the field of ancient history. In view of the ongoing proliferation of studies on this topic, I can only hope that my present paper not only adds to the bulk but also a little to the stock (to heed Laurence Sterne's lament over the historian's business) in that it seeks to redress an imbalance that informs most previous research on women's life in classical antiquity. In short, the large majority of studies in this particular field concentrate on urban environments and, as a consequence, give undue prominence to a certain segment, actually a minority group in terms of quantity, of ancient society. Needless to say, however, that, given the nature of our sources, anything else than this biased focus would have been a big surprise and probably impossible to achieve. Even so, the busy study of those layers of ancient society that produced, or caught the eye of, the authors of Greek and Roman literature, inscriptions, papyri, and coinlegends, can be fully vindicated only when the more shadowy and obscure regions of ancient history are not allowed to be passed over in complete silence. The contribution of women to ancient agriculture is an issue that falls squarely within that latter, underprivileged category of subjects. In her introduction to a collection of essays on new methodological approaches to the study of women in antiquity, Marilyn Skinner pointed out that ‘Real women, like other muted groups, are not to be found so much in the explicit text of the historical record as in its gaps and silences – a circumstance that requires the application of research methods based largely upon controlled inference’

Type
Research Article
Information
Greece & Rome , Volume 42 , Issue 2 , October 1995 , pp. 202 - 217
Copyright
Copyright © The Classical Association 1995

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References

NOTES

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13. Cf. Chen, L. C., ‘Child Survival: Levels, Trends, and Determinants’, in Bulatao, R. A. and Lee, R. D. (eds.), Determinants of Fertility in Developing Countries, I: Supply and Demand for Children (New York, London, 1983), p. 212Google Scholar; Nag, M., ‘The Impact of Sociocultural Factors on Breastfeeding and Sexual Behavior’, op. cit, p. 171 (on Malaysia and Thailand)Google Scholar.

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52. Quoted by Bush, , op. cit., p. 15Google Scholar. See, in general, Patterson, op. cit., passim, on the alienation and dishonouring of slaves throughout world history. There are also indications of a similar ‘masculinization’ of women working in the fields in slave-less societies: see, for instance, the two descriptions quoted by Segalen, , op. cit., pp. 106 fGoogle Scholar. (p. 106 on women in Brittany ‘who are driven by necessity to the fields and who, side by side with men, or alone in their furrows, valiantly tackle their job; they are ruddy-skinned, with calloused hands, and go home in the evenings with their shoulders bowed and their steps heavy, having manfully accomplished the daily task’; the other account has already been quoted in the text, at n. 20).

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