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Spontaneous appetence for wheel-running: a model of dependency on physical activity in rat

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2020

Anthony Ferreira ,
Stéphanie Lamarque ,
Patrice Boyer ,
Fernando Perez-Diaz ,
Roland Jouvent  and
Charles Cohen-Salmon
Anthony Ferreira
Affiliation:
UMR 7593 CNRS, 91, Bvd de l'Hôpital, 75013Paris, France
Stéphanie Lamarque
Affiliation:
UMR 5541 CNRS, Université Victor Segalen, Bordeaux 2, France
Patrice Boyer
Affiliation:
UMR 7593 CNRS, 91, Bvd de l'Hôpital, 75013Paris, France
Fernando Perez-Diaz
Affiliation:
UMR 7593 CNRS, 91, Bvd de l'Hôpital, 75013Paris, France
Roland Jouvent
Affiliation:
UMR 7593 CNRS, 91, Bvd de l'Hôpital, 75013Paris, France
Charles Cohen-Salmon*
Affiliation:
UMR 7593 CNRS, 91, Bvd de l'Hôpital, 75013Paris, France
*
*Corresponding author. Tel.: +33 1 40 77 97 03. E-mail address: cohensal@ext.jussieu.fr (C. Cohen-Salmon).
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Abstract

According to human observations of a syndrome of physical activity dependence and its consequences, we tried to examine if running activity in a free activity paradigm, where rats had a free access to activity wheel, may present a valuable animal model for physical activity dependence and most generally to behavioral dependence. The pertinence of reactivity to novelty, a well-known pharmacological dependence predictor was also tested. Given the close linkage observed in human between physical activity and drugs use and abuse, the influence of free activity in activity wheels on reactivity to amphetamine injection and reactivity to novelty were also assessed. It appeared that (1) free access to wheel may be used as a valuable model for physical activity addiction, (2) two populations differing in activity amount also differed in dependence to wheel-running. (3) Reactivity to novelty did not appeared as a predictive factor for physical activity dependence (4) activity modified novelty reactivity and (5) subjects who exhibited a high appetence to wheel-running, presented a strong reactivity to amphetamine. These results propose a model of dependency on physical activity without any pharmacological intervention, and demonstrate the existence of individual differences in the development of this addiction. In addition, these data highlight the development of a likely vulnerability to pharmacological addiction after intense and sustained physical activity, as also described in man. This model could therefore prove pertinent for studying behavioral dependencies and the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. These results may influence the way psychiatrists view behavioral dependencies and phenomena such as doping in sport or addiction to sport itself.

Keywords

Behavioral addictionAddictionPhysical activityAmphetamineAnimal model
Type
Original article
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 21 , Issue 8 , December 2006 , pp. 580 - 588
Copyright
Copyright © Elsevier Masson SAS 2006

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Footnotes

Abbreviations: HPA, Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal axis; HR, High Reactive (to novelty); HWR, Heavy Wheel Runners; LR, Low Reactive (to novelty); LWR, Light Wheel Runners.

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