Chemotherapy is an essential component in the treatment and alleviation of oncological diseases. To your application are associated, as well as systemic effects, cognitive impairment in patients. These changes have received increasing attention due to the impact on quality of life of cancer survivors.

This study aims to evaluate the current evidence on the association between chemotherapy and cognitive impairment in cancer patients, especially in the areas affected cognitive function, possible mechanisms of action and consequences on the quality of life of these patients and the importance of identifying strategies intervention in order to minimize these effects.

We conducted a literature review from literature articles addressing this topic with use of databases: Medline and Pubmed. The following keywords were used: “chemobrain”, “cognitive dysfunction”, “chemotherapy”.

Although some states have not found differences, several studies have shown that chemotherapy has implications cognitively. Underlying etiology remains unknown, and proposed several mechanisms to explain these changes: neurotoxicity, microvascular damage and inflamamatory response. Cognitive impairment has significant implications in the daily life of patients both personally, socially and labour. The therapeutic approach focuses on the patient and family education, coping strategies, cognitive rehabilitation and cognitive behavioural therapy.

It is vital to educate patients about the possibility of cognitive change as effect of chemotherapy as well as health professionals in the early identification of these changes. It is essential developing specific intervention strategies to improve the quality of life of the oncologic patient during and after treatment.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.