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Puritanism and Democracy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 July 2024

René Roux
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Type
Review Articles
Information
Diogenes , Volume 3 , Issue 9 , January 1955 , pp. 82 - 95
Copyright
Copyright © 1955 Fédération Internationale des Sociétés de Philosophie / International Federation of Philosophical Societies (FISP)

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References

1. New York, Vanguard Press, 1944. Pp. xvii+688.

2. New York, Harcourt Brace, 1947.

3. Paris, 1949.

4. R. B. Perry, op. cit., pp. 33-34.

5. Ibid., p. 63.

6. E. Labrousse, preface to the French translation of Tawney's Religion and the Rise of Capitalism, p. xiii.

7. Perry, op. cit., p. 52.

8. See Perry, ibid., p. 64.

9. See Cambridge Modern History, "The Reformation," p. 592.

10. See M. M. Knappen, Tudor Puritanism, a Chapter in the History of Idealism (Chicago, 1939).

11. L. Moulinier, Le Pur et l'Impur dans la Pensée des Grecs (Paris, 1953), pp. 169, 175 ff.

12. Bossuet, Histoire des Variations des Eglises protestantes (Paris, 1688), Vol. II, p. 190.

13. Various sources cited by Perry, op. cit., pp. 334-49.

14. "The Reformation," p. 688.

15. Quoted by Perry, op. cit., p. 69.

16. Tawney, op. cit., chap. iv, "The Church of England."

17. Bossuet, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 459, and all of Book XIV.

18. Lesgrands Courants de l'Histoire universelle (Paris, 1943), Vol. III, p. 547.

19. Perry, op. cit., p. 73.

20. Pirenne, op. cit., Vol. III, p. 604.

21. Ibid., Vol. III, p. 270.

22. Perry, op. cit., p. 334. Academic training and political education are connected. In 1650 a charter was granted to Harvard, second university to be founded in North America (the first having been the University of Mexico, a Spanish and Catholic institution which dates from 1550). An offspring of Cambridge, Harvard was likewise puritan and platonistic. Cromwell studied at Cambridge.

23. Tawney, op. cit., chap. iv, "The Puritan Movement."

24. Lapie, op. cit., p. 267.

25. Ibid., p. 15.

26. Perry, op. cit. p. 350. A Lutheran contemporary of Williams, Calixtus of Helmstaedt, saw all Christians, including the Catholics, in the same "communion of the Universal Church."

27. Ibid., p. 185. The strong influence of this work on New England institutions is shown in an article by Raymond Polin, "Economique et Politique au XVIIe siècle: l'Oceana de J. Harrington," in the Revue française des Sciences politiques for January-March, 1952. Harring ton proposed a senate with broad powers as a guarantee of the republican integrity of his commonwealth.

28. Pirenne, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 548.

29. Perry, op. cit., p. 115.

30. Lapie, op. cit., p. 189.

31. Ibid., p. 188.

32. Perry, op. cit., pp. 339-40.

33. Ibid., p. 344. These debates were recently published by Professor A. S. P.Woodhouse.

34. Quoted by Perry, ibid., p. 182.

35. Perry, ibid., p. 317.

36. Ibid., p. 301. In 1673 Richard Baxter published his Christian Directory, or a Body of Practical Divinity, and Cases of Conscience. In Europe, Pascal had just attacked Jesuit casuistry in his Lettres Provinciales.

37. Lapie, op. cit., pp. 266-67.

38. Ibid., pp. 195-204, "Les Niveleurs."

39. Perry, op. cit., p. 79.

40. Bossuet, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 671.

41. See Lazlo Ledermann, Les Precurseurs de l'Organisation internationale (NeucMtel, 1945).

42. Raynal, Histoire philosophique, Vol. XVIII, chap. xxxii (Neuchâtel edition of 1783). The author notes that the inhabitants of English America were considered less hard-working than their ancestors and less gifted for the arts. But he does not take the responsibility for this "prejudice," which he judges "dissipated" by the new era of liberty.

43. Cited by J. Gottmann, La Politique des Etats et leur Geographie (Paris, 1952), p. 35.

44. Perry, op. cit., p. 34.

45. Paris, 1954.